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Jake Sullivan, the US’s national security advisor, managed to call leading Chinese officials during this three-day Beijing trip that ended on Thursday.

According to a statement from the White House, the US and China welcomed continued efforts to maintain open communication, including plans for a telephone call between US President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping in the upcoming week. &nbsp,

Both sides planned to hold a phone call with the drama captain in the near future and acknowledge the value of regular, continued military-to-military contacts, according to the declaration, which was made available following Sullivan’s meeting with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Beijing. &nbsp,

Before this Beijing meet, Sullivan and Wang had met four days – in Vienna, Malta, Washington and Bangkok – over the past 16 weeks. It will likely be the final telephone call between Biden and Xi if they have a conversation in September, before Biden resigns as US President in January. &nbsp,

Post-meeting comments from Beijing and Washington revealed that both factors continue to disagree on issues involving Taiwan, Russia-Ukraine, and South China Sea issues.

On Thursday, Sullivan met with Zhang Youxia, vice president of the China’s Central Military Commission, and Xi, public director of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). &nbsp,

During their meeting, Zhang said,” China has always been committed to maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, but ‘ Taiwan democracy ‘ and peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait are incompatible. &nbsp,

The Chinese People’s Liberation Army has the goal and responsibility to promote reunification and to firmly oppose “taiwan independence,” he said. ” The wanton actions of ‘ Taiwan independence ‘ forces may be countered”.

The US may” proper its strategic knowing of China,” he continued,” Return to a logical and rational China policy, respect China’s core interests, work with China to advertise communication and exchanges, and jointly bear the responsibilities of a big power.” &nbsp,

He said the US side had quit colluding with the Taiwan troops, militarizing the area and spreading Taiwan-related propaganda. &nbsp,

Sullivan and Wang met with the White House on Wednesday, and according to a media release from the White House, Sullivan stressed the importance of maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait. &nbsp,

However, Sullivan told Wang in a statement released by the China aspect that the US does not want to see a new Cold War or China’s system change, and that US alliance regeneration is not directed at China. He said the US does not help” Taiwan freedom” or find conflict with China. &nbsp,

Russian defence industry

Sullivan expressed concerns about China’s support for the Russian defense industry base and its effects on European and transatlantic stability during his conference with Wang on Wednesday. &nbsp,

He stated that the US is ready to defend its allies in the Indo-Pacific and that China’s disruptive actions against Spanish maritime legitimate operations in the South China Sea were worrying. &nbsp,

He added that the US will continue to pursue the necessary steps to stop advanced US technologies from compromising its national security without excessively restricting business or investment.

On August 23, the US Department of State and the US Department of State accused 400 businesses in Russia, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East of offering goods and services that would allow Moscow to continue its war efforts in Ukraine and dodge sanctions.

At the same time, the US Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security ( BIS ) added 123 firms to its export control list. Among the 63 Russian and 42 Chinese companies, which are primarily based in Guangdong province and Hong Kong, are located. &nbsp,

Some Chinese experts predicted that the US would be unable to sever China-Russian relationships. &nbsp,

“In its press release, the US side once again slandered China for ‘supporting the Russian defence industry’ and discredited China’s normal rights protection and law enforcement activities in the South China Sea,” a Tianjin-based columnist called Lanni writes in an article published on Thursday. “It shows that the US will continue to attack China with these issues.”  

According to the author, Russian Senator Aleksey Pushkov had formerly been informed that Sullivan wanted to use its Beijing journey to sever Sino-Russian relationships and pressure China to unite with European nations. According to the author, such a move is doomed to fail because third parties wo n’t have an impact on Sino-Russian relations. &nbsp,

‘ Calm co-existence ‘

Chinese officials have repeatedly reminded Sullivan that China is committed to achieving common value, quiet cooperation, and win-win cooperation with the US during his trip.

” When China and the US, two big states, engage with each other, the numer one problem is to create a proper proper perception”, Xi told Sullivan in their meeting on Thursday. They must first and foremost get a satisfactory reply to the underlying query: Are China and the United States competitors or partners?

” China’s overseas scheme is open and transparent and its strategic objectives are aboveboard, both of which have been very constant and steady”, he said. China is focused on effectively managing its own matters, and it will continue to intensify its transformation efforts to further enhance and advance the communism system in accordance with Chinese customs and circumstances. China follows a way of peaceful growth”.

Xi expressed the hope that the US will function with China to” live in peace and obtain typical development on this earth” in the right way.

Peaceful coexistence was a term created and used by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It refers to the coexistence of Soviet’s communism and America’s capitalism in the world. China expanded its own peaceful coexistence concept in the 1980s to include all countries. &nbsp,

Bi Dianlong, a Chinese columnist with a focus on Taiwan issues, writes in an article published on Thursday that the peaceful coexistence of the US and China is now a matter of both the Pacific Ocean and a crucial global issue. &nbsp,

He claims that Washington is eager to talk and negotiate with China about the issues affecting Taiwan, Ukraine, North Korea, the South China Sea, and the Middle East.

Read: Chinese experts favor Walz pragmatism in the US trade war

Follow Jeff Pao on X: &nbsp, @jeffpao3

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There is a pressing need for governments, tech companies, and international organizations to ensure it’s safe as artificial intelligence ( AI ) gains more power and is even being used in warfare. And the need for human monitoring of the tech is a common thread in most AI safety contracts.

In theory, humans can serve as a defense against misuse and potential hallucinations ( where AI produces incorrect information ). This could include, for example, a man reviewing information that the technologies generates ( its outputs ).

However, as a growing body of research and some real-world examples of AI being used in the military show, there are fundamental challenges to the idea of humans acting as a reliable test on computer systems.

Many of the efforts to create regulations for AI have language that encourages people involvement and oversight. For example, the EU’s AI work mandates that at least two people who possess the necessary ability, coaching, and authority must independently verify high-risk Artificial systems, such as those that already work and quickly identify people using genetic technology, such as a retina scanner.

In its February 2024 reaction to a political report on&nbsp, AI in weapons systems, the British government acknowledged the importance of human monitoring. The document emphasizes “meaningful people power” by providing human-appropriate training. Additionally, it emphasizes the concept of individual accountability and states that decision-making in activities by, for example, military aerial drones don’t be shifted to machines.

This rule has generally been upheld so much. People operators and their chain of command are currently in charge of drone warfare and are in charge of taking actions by an armed aircraft. But, AI has the potential to increase the autonomy and capabilities of robots.

Including their specific consolidation methods. In these systems, AI-guided software may pick and lock up adversary combatants, allowing the individual to consent to an attack on them with weapons.

The conflict in Gaza appears to have demonstrated how well like technology is already being used, despite not being widely known at the moment. A program called Lavender being used by Israel was described in the Israeli-Palestinian release 972 publication.

This allegedly has an AI-based goal recommendation system, which is combined with other automated systems, to track the location of the targets based on their location.

Target consolidation

In 2017, the US military conceived of a job, named Maven, with the goal of integrating AI into arms techniques. Over the years, it has evolved into a specific consolidation method. According to reports, it has significantly improved the effectiveness of the weapons platform target advice process.

As a crucial component of the decision-making process, there is a people in place to control the outcomes of the goal acquisition mechanisms in accordance with recommendations from scientific work on AI ethics.

However, work on the mindset of how people work with pcs raises important issues to consider. The US educational Mary Cummings outlined in a 2006 peer-reviewed report how people can end up placing increased confidence in device systems and their conclusions, a finding known as automation bias.

If users are less likely to doubt a machine’s conclusions, this could interfere with the human role as a test on integrated decision-making.

In a separate study published in 1992, Batya Friedman and Peter Kahn, authors of the study, claimed that when working with computer networks, people’s sense of moral agency may be diminished to the point where they feel unexplained for the consequences that result. In fact, the report explains that people can even begin to feature a sense of company to computer systems themselves.

Given these tendencies, it would be wise to consider whether placing increased confidence in system systems, along with the possibility of reducing people’s sense of moral authority, might also have an impact on target acquisition systems. After all, when we consider the potential impact on human life, margins of error, while mathematically modest on paper, get on a horrible aspect.

The different AI-related commitments, agreements, and laws help give assurances that people will carry out an important AI test. However, it’s important to question whether, after extended periods in the position, a connect may appear whereby man operators start to see real people as items on a screen.

Mark Tsagas is senior lecturer in law, cybercrime &amp, AI ethics, University of East London

This article was republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Kiev believes that its new long-range weapons, a combination of drone and missile systems, will significantly improve its ability to repel Russian military attacks.

Russian promotional material suggested that the “rocket drone”, called Palianytsia, may have a range of 700km, and may bring about 250 Soviet military targets within selection, opening a new step of the atmosphere war.

Since its supporters also impose restrictions on the use of long-range arms in occupied Ukrainian territory rather than in Russia itself, Ukraine believes that using this new drone technology is necessary to combat new Russian advances. As the fresh rocket aircraft is not supplied by Ukraine’s friends, it would not have to agree with these regulations.

Throughout the entire conflict, aircraft systems has gained a significant following. And the Kremlin’s skill to use drones to devastating impact has been made clear in recent days, which has highlighted Ukraine’s needed for a new strategy.

On August 26, Russia launched 109 Iranian-built Shahed robots alongside 127 weapons aimed at incapacitating Ukraine’s energy grid. At least 15 of Ukraine’s locations experienced power cuts and water scarcity, which were caused by the attacks.

At least five people were killed and 30 injured. Russia launched yet another drone attack that targeted sensitive infrastructure and human targets the following day.

Both Russia and Ukraine are using one-way attack ( OWA ) drones. A one-way strike drone ( also known as a bomber aircraft ) flies to its destination and activates on or above it, destroying the aircraft in the process, unlike most armed robots, which drop one or more weapons and return to their deployer for further use. The long-range designs used by both countries typically resemble a small airplane with a wing under 10 meters.

On August 22, Ukrainian OWA robots launched a big fire and extra blasts from munitions stored at a Russian airfield in Volgograd. Ukraine has been using long-range drones to targeted Russian airbases, business websites, and fuel system for decades.

Russian regulators have also been frantically trying to stop helicopter attacks by installing more weather defenses around Vladimir Putin’s personal residence and installing nets around refineries in an effort to get an inbound drone.

Why are OWA robots so critical?

Military forces have used drones for a long time, but OWA robots pose a distinct and growing danger. OWA drones can hit targets hundreds of kilometers away with comparative accuracy, as I recently explained in my new study.

They are simpler and less expensive to make in mass, but they typically have smaller missiles and are slower than conventional missiles. This implies that nations ( and armed groups ) that would have previously struggled to build and maintain a ship of missiles now have access to a weapon with extraordinary variety and efficiency.

In the summer of 2022, both Ukraine and Russia began using OWA robots. Russia’s first big drone strike was in October 2022, but Ukraine had used them before.

In June 2022, an impromptu OWA aircraft, perhaps made from a changed business aircraft bought online, struck a Soviet oil refinery in Rostov, causing significant damage.

Creating advantage

Until late 2023, Russia’s use of drones was significantly larger than Ukraine’s. The advantage of Russia was that they could import their Shahed drones from Iran and then export them under license to their own factories.

Russia launched thousands of drones into Ukraine’s civilian infrastructure in 2023, including at energy substations and grain silos. The drones, along with Russia’s missiles, led Kiev to&nbsp, ask for&nbsp, air defense assistance from its allies and adopt&nbsp, innovative ways, such as acoustic sensors, to shoot them down&nbsp, without running short of ammunition. Ukrainian businesses were also working on their own OWA drones to repel opposition.

To avoid restrictions on how weapons supplied by its allies are used on Russian territory, Ukraine must rely on drones it has built on its own or purchased from private contractors. They are often aimed at Russia’s defense and oil sectors.

Ukraine launched an ambitious drone campaign at the end of 2023 that targeted oil facilities ( a significant source of revenue for Russia ), airfields ( home to weapons and weapons used against Ukraine ), and even factories where Russia manufactures its drones.

OWA drones are becoming more commonplace and easy to make, as are missiles. When defending ships from Houthi attacks in the Red Sea and preventing Iran’s drone and missile attack on Israel in April, the UK has had to deal with OWA drones twice in 2024.

OWA drones launched by militant groups have also attacked facilities that have US personnel spread throughout the Middle East. Even the most advanced military forces will face challenges comparable to those in Russia and Ukraine, such as shooting down large numbers of drones without running out of air defense missiles.

The Royal Navy used Sea Ceptor missiles to intercept Houthi drones in March, which are significantly more expensive than the drone they intercepted and rely on Sea Ceptor missiles to intercept other threats like Houthi missiles.

For armed forces worldwide, the advancement of OWA drones, and other drone technology, will increase the costs of air defense. They will need to invest in more kinds of&nbsp, counter-drone systems&nbsp, while maintaining the air defenses they already have to defeat traditional threats such as hostile aircraft.

When intercepting a missile, defense systems that operate against drones ( such as lasers ) might not be effective. Layered air defenses will be required to prevent any threat from reaching its intended audience.

For instance, the UK is currently reevaluating its air and missile defenses as a result of how Russia and Ukraine use drones and other standoff weapons.

Drones, and drone technology, have changed the rules of warfare globally, as well as in Ukraine, and will continue to do so. Armed forces are already frantically trying to keep up with them all over the world.

Marcel Plichta is pursuing a PhD at the University of St Andrews ‘ School of International Relations.

This article was republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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