India’s energy policy stuck between renewables and fossil fuels

DRIVE INDIA GLOBAL OIL DEMAND GROWTH

According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, India’s use of crude oil is projected to increase to 372 million tonnes of oil parallel in 2033, a 40 % increase over that of 2023. &nbsp,

This may make the nation the largest contributor to the development of global oil demand over the next ten years. &nbsp,

However, the Indian government does not believe that its fuel interests conflict with its transition to clean energy. &nbsp,

According to experts, renewable energy is still only being used in certain sectors of the economy, such as transportation. Additionally, it is unable to address the nation’s growing energy demand in the near-to-medium name.

According to InSolare Energy’s Bhatt,” It’s a long-term answer.” &nbsp,

” We may claim tomorrow that we will stop importing oil and gas. That is a possibility, he continued. &nbsp,

” It will eventually occur. In truth, India wants to have its population at or near zero by 2070, which is about 50 years away.

India’s full renewable energy capacity increased by 16 % to roughly 210 gigawatts by the end of last year.

However, researchers also believe there is still a long way to go in the government’s goal of 500 kwh by 2030. &nbsp,

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FinanceAsia Awards 2025 — open now | FinanceAsia

The FinanceAsia team is delighted to open submissions to the 29th edition of our annual flagship Awards, the FinanceAsia Awards 2025, which recognise the best banks, brokers, rating agencies, consultants, law firms and non-bank financial institutions across the region.

In 2024 markets grappled with significant challenges, including higher than expected interest rates, a slow Chinese economy and several high-profile elections.

On a more positive note, the year saw a number of large M&A deals, IPOs and bond offerings, with markets such as India and Japan performing particularly well. A combination of new technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI), data centres, and the drive towards net zero, will continue to be seen as key investment opportunities in the region.

The FinanceAsia team is once again inviting market participants to showcase their capabilities when supporting clients. We want to celebrate those institutions that have shown a determination to deliver desirable outcomes for their clients, through a display of commercial and technical acumen.

We look forward to meeting the winners and highly commendeds at the FinanceAsia Awards Ceremony in June.

Enter now here: https://bit.ly/3Ptn5KA.

Key Dates

Launch date: January 14, 2025

Entry and submission deadline: February 27, 2025

Winners announced: Week of April 7, 2025 

Awards ceremony / gala dinner: June 26 

Eligibility period: All entries should relate to acheivements from the period January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024 


¬ Haymarket Media Limited. All rights reserved.

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Achieving net zero an economic opportunity and moral imperative: Singapore’s ambassador for climate action

SINGAPORE: Achieving net zero is not just an international obligation but also an unprecedented economic opportunity, &nbsp, Singapore’s Ambassador for Climate Action Ravi Menon said on Friday ( Feb 21 ).

It is also” a moral imperative” to prevent future years, he added.

Mr. Menon emphasized three factors that drive global climate actions: politicians, economics, and nature during his speech at the Temasek Ecosperity Conversations event, which was held in partnership with PwC Singapore.

He warned that “ultimately it is nature that may call the pictures” in the context of the political and economic factors at play.

” The timeline is no set by political cycles or value shapes, it is set by nature”, Mr Menon said.

” Whether we are a country or a company, the longer we delay action, the more disorderly the transition will become for us” .&nbsp,

Former head of the Monetary Authority of Singapore, Mr. Menon, described international political advancements on the environment front as “more negative than good.”

Recent political developments in the US” evidently posed challenges for weather motion”, he said, noting the land ‘s&nbsp, departure from the Paris Agreement for a second time and President&nbsp, Donald Trump’s claim to increase oil and gas production.

According to Mr. Menon, “political developments in the US are a distinct step backward for climate activity.”

According to Mr. Menon, political support for climate change has decreased in various nations, citing how environmental issues have taken a backseat in Europe as a result of voters ‘ worries about the war in Ukraine and concerns over rising living costs.

Because of the place taken by the US,” we don’t rule out some nations lowering their climate interests,” said Mr. Menon.

He pointed out that only 13 out of 195 governments had completed their 2035 climate commitments by the UN’s February 10 date. Singapore was one of the 13.

It’s still to be seen if those who haven’t pledged to act on climate change may back down, he said.

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How China-Russia can seize the climate action lead – Asia Times

China and Russia have developed a more significant relationship that goes beyond their conventional military and economic ties as Moscow’s loneliness from the West grows and Beijing’s great power rivalry with Washington intensifies.

While both powers maintain that they are not formal allies, their proclamation of a” no limits” partnership with” no forbidden areas” has crystallized into what Western observers view as a de facto alliance, particularly in the wake of Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

The evolving China-Russia relationship encompasses wide-ranging collaboration that encompasses many cross-cutting areas. Climate change is cited as the defining issue of the 21st century among which both nations have pledged to address it up.

Russia adopted a National Security Strategy in 2021 that directly addresses climate change and incorporates the idea of natural protection. This commitment to climate change has been strengthened by following diplomatic announcements, with particular emphasis on plans to improve cooperation in renewables and weather action.

In a joint statement signed by China and Russia in 2024, it was committed to intensify bilateral investment in low-carbon areas, including solar power and carbon markets.

Some critics point out that meaningful collaboration is somewhat excluded from their bilateral agenda despite their linguistic commitments to weather collaborations. The 2024 China-Russia Joint Statement tellingly emphasizes “deepening” participation in conventional power areas, such as natural gas, petroleum, and oil refining, while simply suggesting the possibility of “developing” cooperation in emerging areas like carbon markets and solar power.

This gap is more evidenced in the 2024 book on diplomatic opportunities, published by the Russia-China Investment Collaboration Committee. While references to regular “power generation” appear sixteen times, specifically in the framework of natural gas projects, terms like “green” and “low carbon” collect only brief mention.

Beyond reasonable proposals for gas and acid development, the handbook’s power and miners section is generally devoted to fossil fuel projects. However, 2024 customs statistics shows that Russia has become China’s top crude oil and natural gas provider, with fossil fuel surpassing climate-related merchandise exports.

The slow progress in China and Russia’s bilateral climate cooperation is alarming. As the world’s largest and fourth largest carbon emitters, both nations have pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060.

However, they continue to invest in infrastructure that uses fossil fuels, which could undermine global confidence. It detracts economic resources from incentives for renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure, and it prevents the transition to net zero from other developed nations.

Other significant emitters are required to uphold their commitments, as evidenced by the US’ stunning withdrawal from multilateral climate agreements under the second Trump administration. China and Russia have a chance to take a bigger part in shaping the global climate transition in this leadership vacuum.

Both nations must, however, turn diplomatic rhetoric into concrete action, set forth precise deadlines for climate projects, and reduce their extensive fossil fuel collaboration in order to gain credibility as leaders of the world.

Several sectors offer promising pathways for meaningful climate cooperation between the two nations, including hydrogen development, carbon market integration, and critical minerals partnerships.

Hydrogen infrastructure development

In a wide range of applications, from transportation fuel sources and energy storage medium to feedstock in industrial processes like steelmaking, hydrogen has enormous potential as a clean alternative to fossil fuels.

In contrast to fossil fuels, hydrogen does not release carbon dioxide when burned. However, its climate benefits are reliant on low-emission production techniques. Hydrogen produced with water electrolysis using renewable power can be completely emission-free, but its exorbitant costs remain a significant hurdle for large-scale commercialization.

Blue hydrogen refers to hydrogen that has been produced from natural gas and has carbon capture and storage facilities. Although blue hydrogen is currently receiving criticism, it has been viewed as a less expensive, more acceptable compromise before the costs of green hydrogen start tolerable.

Enhancing joint investment in the hydrogen industry aligns with China’s and Russia’s strategic advantages. Russia is well-suited for producing and transporting blue hydrogen due to its abundant natural gas reserves and extensive pipeline infrastructure.

Gazprom’s current pipelines already have up to 20 % hydrogen in them, with upgraded infrastructure capable of up to 70 %. This potential is essential to Russia’s ambitious strategy of capturing 20 % of the global hydrogen market by 2035. Europe is undoubtedly a major source of Russian hydrogen, but European sanctions against Russian exports following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine have made this adversity unlikely.

Along with its position as the world’s top producer of renewable energy, China adds its technological expertise in hydrogen production and storage to these assets. The two nations should make joint R&amp, D and investment in CCS technologies in their national hydrogen industry strategies in order to increase the benefits of blue hydrogen’s emission reduction.

Beyond the contentious blue hydrogen, the partnership could use China’s renewable capacity to produce green hydrogen for transportation via Russia’s extensive pipeline network, potentially lowering production costs significantly.

Hydrogen is notoriously challenging to transport and store. Russia needs to develop its energy infrastructure along their shared border to attract China’s hydrogen exports. New dedicated pipelines for hydrogen and ammonia would be necessary in addition to the already existing natural gas pipelines.

The expansive, underdeveloped regions along the Sino-Russian border offer ideal testing grounds for innovative hydrogen infrastructure. These areas could host integrated hydrogen hubs combining production, storage, and diverse end-use applications, establishing replicable models for hydrogen ecosystem development.

The partnership might have the power to influence global standards beyond just physical infrastructure. Joint research into pipeline materials that are best suited for hydrogen transport and advanced liquefaction techniques could establish new standards for safety and effectiveness.

Such technical cooperation would advance both nations ‘ positions in the developing global hydrogen market while accelerating the development of technology.

Carbon market integration

Another area with strong potential for collaboration is the carbon market. Sinopec and SIBUR’s involvement in China’s Carbon Trading Market is a recent illustration of potential collaboration. Sinopec, the largest integrated petrochemicals company in Russia, is a shareholder of Sinopec, which also has the second-largest carbon emissions reduction projects in the nation.

SIBUR will become the first Russian company to issue carbon units in an international system since the creation of Russia’s carbon trading system as a result of the project’s registration with the Global Carbon Council system. Five climate projects have been added to the Russian carbon emissions registry system thanks to SIBUR.

On top of that, these projects are anticipated to reduce total CO2 emissions by 7.5 million tons over the course of ten years. As long as appropriate validation systems and high standards are established, SIBUR’s relationship to Sinopec opens up opportunities for entry into the Chinese carbon trading market.

The potential for further collaboration in carbon markets is still largely untapped despite these initial efforts to promote cross-border carbon trading. China and Russia could develop novel methodologies for carbon valuation that better reflect their national idiosyncrasies rather than simply linking existing systems.

For instance, they could jointly develop new methodologies for valuing natural carbon sequestration, such as Russia’s vast Siberian forest. It is a significant carbon sink hub, and the Russian government is expressing its growing support for monetization through carbon offset. The two countries could also develop novel financial instruments that combine clean technology transfer and carbon credits, making them more appealing investment vehicles for foreign investors.

A second untapped opportunity is the creation of joint carbon accounting standards specifically for international industrial projects. This might include establishing specialized carbon credit categories for emissions reductions achieved through Sino-Russian technological collaboration, particularly in difficult-abating industries like steel and cement production.

These standards could later serve as a model for other developing nations trying to strike a balance between industrial growth and emissions reduction.

Critical minerals

China is rapidly ascending as a global hub for clean technology R&amp, D and manufacturing, particularly in the “new big three” sectors: solar, electric vehicles ( EVs ), and batteries. These important minerals are strategically important because Russia has these key points of China’s clean energy initiative.

Russia is one of the largest copper and nickel reserves in the world, ranking among the top ten for both metals globally. These resources are fundamental to the clean energy transition, especially in transportation.

Copper serves multiple functions in EVs, from battery components and motor windings to charging infrastructure, while nickel is essential for high-energy-density batteries and corrosion-resistant components in wind turbines and solar cells.

As an example of Russia-China collaboration in critical minerals, Nornickel, Russia’s leading metals and mining company, produces 15 % of the world’s best high-grade nickel and is also a global leader in copper production.

The company is pivoting toward the Chinese market to reduce the sanction’s impacts. The company made plans to significantly increase the supply of metals to China and establish joint ventures in copper refinery and battery materials processing in 2024.

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the US and UK introduced a ban on imports of Russian aluminum, copper, and nickel. Russian metals can no longer be exchanged on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and London Metals Exchange.

Russian minerals are increasingly important to China’s supply chains, which is partly fueled by growing pressure from the West. Cooperation with Russian producers allows Beijing to diversify its supply chain while allowing Moscow to gain capital and technical expertise for production expansion as the United States pressures allies like Indonesia to impose restrictions on mineral exports to China.

The Shanghai Futures Exchange could become famous as a result of this partnership, which could reshape global metals markets: Western exchanges are currently closed to Russian metals, and it will gain more visibility for setting international benchmarks and encouraging yuan-denominated trading.

Copper and nickel are prominent in current bilateral agreements, but the deepening global climate transition implies that demand for these metals will increase exponentially. Both nations have the potential to quickly increase their mining and refining capacities, potentially outpacing the industry’s traditionally slow-moving one.

The partnership could extend to other strategic minerals, notably palladium, where Russia dominates global production. It is used to connect chips to circuit boards using metal connections. Russia is the world’s largest palladium producer. Through just two projects, Russia controls 40 % of world palladium output, a metal crucial for semiconductor manufacturing.

Climate cooperation leadership

Climate cooperation remains underdeveloped in the ever-growing China-Russia partnership. Some areas, including hydrogen development, carbon market integration, and critical mineral collaboration, offer transformative potential.

The success of their climate collaboration will depend on a number of crucial elements. First, both nations must implement their diplomatic agreements through actionable plans, established procedures, and measurable outcomes.

Second, their cooperation in important minerals and hydrogen infrastructure must go beyond bilateral benefits to contribute to global climate change. Third, their efforts to integrate the carbon market must shift from sporadic initiatives to coordinated efforts that can inspire other developing nations.

Strong Sino-Russian leadership in climate policy could significantly affect the trajectory of global emissions reduction efforts, but only if both countries place long-term climate gains preceding short-term fossil fuel interests.

Chris Zou works for the World Resources Institute ( wri ) as a climate policy researcher. org ) based in Washington DC.

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Data centres in Singapore exploring clean energy options, including nuclear reactors

In Singapore, many businesses are looking into using renewable and gas to meet their growing requirements and reduce carbon emissions.

Some are considering the possibility of nuclear reactors, but business experts claim there is still a way to get before realizing the goal. &nbsp,

For a start, they are pushing for a model that develops technical expertise in the field and handles feasibility studies.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Data center technician Equinix, for example, is now implementing a more efficient cooling system to go green with its energy use.

The US-based provider of electronic equipment runs more than 260 data centers worldwide, six of which are in Singapore.

This year, the company will begin using liquid cooling technology in its data centers, which is 3, 000 times more cost-effective for cooling the high-calibride AI Graphics Processing Unit ( GPU) than conventional cooling.

In the future, it is considering the possibility of using small modular nuclear reactors ( SMRs ) to generate power.

” In terms of the Biomarkers, we’ve started to explore planes. I would suggest that it’s budding, and it’s in the study time”, said Yee May Leong, managing director of Equinix Singapore.

” We’re positive that it will be one of the alternative energy options for us in the near future.”

Energy cells, gas, and ammonia are other renewable energy options that the company is looking into.

According to Ms. Leong,” We’ve been working with the Singapore government to find new paths and other green transition energies,” adding that the company is in favor of the Singapore Green Plan, which has goals for sustainability in the country by 2030.

She noted that relationship between the business, power providers, as well as plan makers, is a key success ingredient for efficient energy solutions to be taken on a flexible manner.

WHY SMRs?

Singapore simply lacks the space to make such large amounts of energy, according to observers. Conventional nuclear facilities can do so.

It also takes some 20 years to lay the groundwork for nuclear services, constructing infrastructure and fitting pieces, before it can begin generating electricity.

SMRs, which are constructed at a fraction of the size of a typical nuclear power plant, are another option that can be up and running much quicker.

Business players said the advantages of SMRs include flexibility, lesser cleaning requirements, improved safety features, and the potential for inclusion into Singapore’s small energy system.

” Important, we don’t have the gifts of large land places… where we can put large-scale facilities away from urban areas and protect them from the people”, said Mr Matthew Oostveen, chief technology officer for Asia Pacific and Japan at data storage firm Pure Storage.

Lee Poh Seng, a professor at the National University of Singapore ( NUS), cautioned that the transition to nuclear power is extremely complex. Translation requires overcoming obstacles, including changing community perceptions, which may require education campaigns to foster confidence and address safety and environmental concerns.

Moreover, there will be high initial capital charge, with long lead times for implementation and a need for specialised workplace capabilities.

He claimed that while Singapore has not yet adopted a formal position regarding the use of nuclear energy, it needs to develop an expert framework to evaluate its viability and develop regulatory expertise.

” We will continue to monitor the enhancement for alternatives like SMRs,” said Prof. Lee, who is the program director of NUS’ Sustainable Tropical Data Centre Testbed.

” In parallel, what we can do is continue to address the health issues, the governing problems, as well as the legal problems. But when such options become accessible, we have the required framework to quickly grow the births.

DEMAND FOR GREEN ENERGY

To learn more about the most recent developments in science and technology from British organizations, Singapore and the US have partnered on a nuclear cooperation agreement.

Mr. Oostveen stated that the business anticipates a rise in demand for data backup in Singapore over the upcoming years.

” Big organizations feel very at ease storing both their physical and digital goods in Singapore. It is healthy. It is protected. There is a great deal of skills available to work on these techniques, he told CNA.

The time is running out for the Republic to find a viable renewable energy source that you meet growing computing needs as Singapore looks to increase its data center capacity by more than a third in the near future.

According to Prof. Lee, operators will be forced to adopt green systems and practices because of the government’s emphasis on carbon prices and incentives for ecological practices.

He cited a framework to improve data center sustainability as” The Green Data Center Roadmap amplifies this drive by setting strict goals for energy efficiency and fostering technology across sectors.”

Through these actions, Singapore is laying the groundwork for a resilient energy habitat that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and encourages responsible growth in the data center sector.

He added that continued research into modern energy alternatives, international cooperation, and powerful plan systems may be necessary to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.

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EVM, Solarvest, and PECC2 partner to boost renewable energy in Vietnam

  • Allows for large-scale clean energy to get provided in Vietnam.
  • uses the Direct Power Purchase Agreement to provide EVM with natural light.

EVM, Solarvest, and PECC2 partner to boost renewable energy in Vietnam

Saigon Jim Brother’s Corporation ( EVM), Solarvest ( Vietnam ) Company Limited ( Solarvest ), and Power Engineering Consulting Joint Stock Company 2 ( PECC2 ) have signed an MoU to promote renewable energy in Vietnam via the Direct Power Purchase Agreement ( DPPA ) Mechanism. This collaboration will deliver natural electricity from Solarvest and PECC2 to EVM’s Asian operations, aligning with Vietnam’s Decree 80/2024/ND-CP on DPPA regulation for solar energy generators and big consumers. &nbsp,

Partnership Facts

The parties are utilizing the online DPPA, which gives EVM access to the federal grid’s green energy from a renewable farm. This strategy aims to conquer barriers such as convenience, regulation, financial, and professional challenges. &nbsp,

Jack Tan Qi Jie, worldwide vice president – Sales, Assets &amp, Marketing of Solarvest, highlighted the strategic value of the collaboration:” This collaboration between EVM, Solarvest and PECC2 is more than a collaboration—it’s a proper alignment of expertise and shared values. We are working together to achieve both economic viability and operational efficiency as we address one of the most pressing issues facing today’s organizations. Solarvest brings years of experience in clean electricity growth, with over 1, 300MW of renewable energy projects across Asia-Pacific. We are developing customized solutions that enable businesses to achieve their sustainability goals without sacrificing profitability by combining our confirmed economic models with PECC2’s technical expertise and EVM’s innovative drive. We are excited to be a part of this development as a pioneer and see that The DPPA via National Grid represents an important step in Vietnam’s power change and that it will change its energy sector, policies, and power system operations toward NET ZERO.

Continue reading at https ://oursustainabilitymatters.com/evm-solarvest-and-pecc2-partner-to-boost-renewable-energy-in-vietnam/&nbsp, for the full article as DNA is transitioning our sustainability coverage to a standalone news site.

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Modi’s secret agenda to privatize India’s transportation system  – Asia Times

That’s the normal method of privatization: Defund, make certain things don’t work, people get angry, you hand it over to personal funds.

Harold brown

In the late 19th and early 20th ages, public transport – particularly energy busses – formed the backbone of American locations, with over 17, 000 km of subway lines operating in major urban centers. For years, these techniques were considered essential to urban existence.

Public transport system has a lot of benefits, including reducing traffic congestion, improving air quality, and maintaining sustainability, but the idea of using public funds is frequently viewed as communist by the National right.

But, by the mid-20th era, this open system was dismantled. A commonly debated conspiracy theory claims that General Motor purposefully purchased and shut down subway lines in an effort to encourage vehicle dependency, leading to a system of private transportation based on automobile dependency.

Statistics support the extent of this shift: 90 % of US households own at least one car each, with 25 % owning three or more ( as of 2021 ). Travel expenses are the fourth-highest household expenses in US people, totaling$ 1.6 trillion annually. Comparatively, European families spend 5 % less on transportation due to effective public transport systems, many of which still use subways now.

India under Narendra Modi seems to be following an American-style rulebook.

American Railways: A federal asset in decline

Indian Railways, a 171 -year-old organisation, is a core of India’s communication and flexibility. With 24 million regular customers, 19, 000 carriages, and 7, 112 facilities, IR is Asia’s second-largest and the nation’s fourth-largest rail system. It plays a vital role in India’s economic and social development, fostering regional communication, member freedom and business activity. As India’s largest firm, it supports 1.6 million work, including 400, 000 contract employees.

The Modi authorities established the Bibek Debroy Committee in September 2014 to overhaul Indian Railways. The Committee recommended 40 steps, including pulling out the individual Rail Budget, restructuring management and encouraging exclusive participation. In November 2016, the 92-year-old Rail Budget was merged with the Union Budget. However, this maneuver overlooked the complexities of railroad operations – such as equipment, safety and development – that require focused interest. Indian Railways has struggled in terms of passenger safety over the past ten years as a result of this decision. The stats don’t lie. In an earlier article, I covered this in more detail.

The Railway Board chairman was appointed CEO in September 2020, introducing a new corporate governance structure. With the launch of the Lucknow-New Delhi Tejas Express on October 4, 2019, India’s first privately operated train managed by the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation, the Modi government began gradual railway privatization. By July 2020, plans were announced for private players to operate 151 trains on 109 routes, covering 5 % of Express and Mail services. While locomotive pilots and guards remain railway employees, other staff will be private. Instead of complete privatization, the Government’s intention was to make Railways go through a piece-by-piece privatization.

Privatization plans faced strong opposition. On July 3, 2020, a nationwide protest saw 1.2 million workers participating, followed by further protests on July 16-17, 2020. In response, the government halted the tender for private train operations.

Meanwhile, rail accidents have sharply increased over the past decade. One of the causes of it is that there is less manpower. &nbsp, About 30, 000 to 40, 000 recruitments used to take place in railways annually. The Modi government has been stumbling upon these appointments for ten years, and there are now more than 300,000 unfilled positions. Modi Government policies of delayed appointments, ignored safety measures and rising fares have undermined the railway’s reputation as a safe, affordable, and reliable mode of transport.

&nbsp, Aviation vs rail: a strategic shift

Indian Railways, a key public transport system, carried 8.5 billion passengers in FY 2023–2024, generating the rupee equivalent of$ 30.76 billion in revenue, with$ 8.77 billion from passenger services – a 9 % increase from the previous year. Even transferring 10 % of the railroad’s operations to the private sector presents a significant business and revenue opportunity for both government and private players given its monopoly on transportation in India. However, it is politically sensitive as Railways is India’s largest employer. A direct approach for Modi could cause both short- and long-term political backlash. The government has used an indirect approach to promote aviation as a way to break up the railroads ‘ monopoly to navigate these difficulties. &nbsp,

Modi’s&nbsp, multi-billion-dollar vision for private transportation&nbsp,

The UDAN ( Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik ) scheme, which was launched in June 2016, aims to reduce costs of air travel by encouraging regional connectivity, providing low-cost airlines, and building infrastructure as an alternative to railroads. Recently, the aviation minister announced the scheme’s 10-year extension and plans to build 350–400 airports over the next 20–25 years. However, building such a large number of airports requires significant land and infrastructure.

Indian Railways owns 486, 000 hectares of land, making it the second-largest landowner in India after the defense sector. This land is increasingly being used for non-railway projects, such as the Adani-led Dharavi Redevelopment project, which involved the transfer of railroad land for Matunga and Mahim for slum rehabilitation. The transfer proceeded despite the railroads opposition to sub-leasing prime land. &nbsp, Interestingly, On September 8, 2022, the Modi cabinet reduced the license fee on rail land from 6 % to 1.5 % for certain uses and extended lease periods from 5 to 35 years.

By 2025, the Adani Group intends to privatize 20-25 airports, according to the Airports Authority of India’s ( ADA)-managed airports. Despite lacking experience, the Adani group won bids for six airports in 2019. It is now India’s largest private airport operator. The key question remains: who benefits from this privatization – citizens, the state, or others? ” &nbsp,

How can airlines provide the most affordable modes of transportation for the most underdeveloped nation, which imports 80 % of its energy needs? State expenses are bound to increase as the currency is at all time lows against the dollar.

Promoting air travel conflicts with India’s goal of having a Net Zero Carbon Emission by 2070. &nbsp, Modi’s dream of aviation inclusive of 1.4 billion Indians has a very high price. But who will foot the bill?

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Are Prabowo’s climate goals for Indonesia overambitious?

He added that big corporations frequently gain economic benefits from the increased use of biodiesel, no small farmers, because they are the ones running the business in the field. &nbsp,

Indonesia’s biodiesel processing costs are also substantial. Thus, the government would need to invest money to pay for grants, said Mr Leonard. &nbsp,

According to his statement, “our research indicates that the payment per liter of biofuel exceeds the petroleum subsidy.” &nbsp,

Besides, the president’s biodiesel specific contradicts its aim to increase oil production of 12 billion cubic feet (BCF ) per year by 2030, Mr Leonard said, referring to the president’s commitment to reach net zero emissions. &nbsp,

Gas production will increase as well, making it harder to meet a net low emissions destination.

Airlangga Hartarto, the Coordinating Minister of Economic Affairs, made a statement on the outside of the G20 mountain that is also conflicting to Mr. Prabowo’s speech that renewables should be replaced with coal in 15 years. &nbsp,

By the end of 2040, the government intends to reduce the share of coal-fired power plants by just 33 % while increasing the contribution of renewables by 42 %.

And Indonesia’s untapped potential for renewable energy sources, like as thermal, has not been smooth-sailing. &nbsp,

The nation- which is home to about 130 effective volcanoes- holds about 40 per share of the world’s geothermal power possible. &nbsp,

Indonesia has been using volcanic power for the past 50 years, according to Ms. Beyrra Triasdian, a director of solar energy at Trend Asia.

Thermal energy accounts for about 5 % of the country’s current energy mix.

However, she cautioned against using a lot of fluids when building a geothermal power plant, which occasionally has resulted in the loss of river nearby. &nbsp,

” When drilling is done ( to build the power plant ), the amount of water used is massive”, said Ms Beyrra. &nbsp,

Such is the scenario in Dieng, Central Java, which led to protests from people. &nbsp,

Gas blasts and poisonous gas leaks have also occurred at Dieng’s geothermal power plant. East Nusa Tenggara residents object to the government’s plans to construct a thermal energy plant it. &nbsp,

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