Africa responds to Trump 2.0-era new opportunities from China – Asia Times

Since taking business, US president Donald Trump has implemented procedures that have been somewhat angry toward China. They include business limits. Most recently, a 20 % tax was added to all imports from China and innovative technological restrictions were imposed under the America First Investment Policy. This isn’t the first moment US-China conflicts have flared. Throughout history the marriage has been fraught with economic, military and philosophical problems.

China-Africa professor and analyst Lauren Johnston provides insight into how these dynamics may likewise design relations between Africa and China.

How has China responded to angry US plans?

First, China tends to have a stubborn standard answer. It expresses sorrow, next states that the US plan position is not beneficial to any region or the world economy.

Next, China makes moves internally to emphasize the interests of crucial, affected industries.

Third, China may sometimes impose punitive restrictions.

In 2018, for instance, China imposed a 25 % tariff on US soybeans, a critical animal feed source. The US Department of Agriculture had to account US grain farmers for their missing money.

Another case is how, following US tech restrictions, China took a more independent systems way. It has channeled billions into digital money. The goal is to create funding available for Chinese companies and to push modern restrictions in places of US punishment, such as semiconductors. These initiatives are backed up by incentives and tax cuts. In some cases, the Taiwanese state will engage directly in software companies.

More recently, China retaliated against the US business conflict by announcing levies on 80 US products. China is set to house 15 % levies on certain energy imports, including petroleum, natural gas and gas. An additional 10 % tariffs will be placed on 72 manufactured products including trucks, motor homes and agricultural machinery.

Agricultural industry has been difficult hit. The day the US announced a 10 % tariff on Chinese imports, China announced” an additional 15 % tariff on imported chicken, wheat, corn and cotton originating from the US”. Likewise,” maize, soybeans, pork, beef, underwater products, fruits, vegetables and dairy products may be subject to an additional 10 % tariff”.

How have these Foreign actions affected Africa?

We didn’t say for certain that China’s answer to US business tensions has directly affected its Africa plan, but there are some notable occurrences.

Less than one quarter after Trump’s returning to the White House in 2025, and shortly after the first tariffs were slapped on China’s export to the US, China announced new measures to develop China-Africa business work. The plan package aims to” develop economic and trade markets between China and Africa”.

This is the latest in a series of Chinese behavior.

In January 2018 trade conflicts began to rise after Trump imposed a first round of tariffs on all imported cleaning equipment and solar panels. These had an effect on China’s imports to the US.

Later the same year, China imposed 25 % tariffs on US soy bean imports and took steps to reduce dependence on US agricultural products. China furthermore took steps to increase business with Africa, agricultural industry in particular.

In September 2018, Beijing hosted the Forum on China and Africa Cooperation mountain, a triennial head of state meeting. It was announced that China had established up a China-Africa trade fair and develop deeper agricultural assistance. In the weeks after the conference, China’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was now acting on this. A meeting of American agricultural officials took position in Changsha, Hunan province.

Hunan province has after taken center stage in China-Africa relationships. It’s now the host of a permanent China-Africa trade exhibition hall and a larger biennial China-Africa economic and trade exhibition ( known as CAETE ).

Hunan also hosts the captain area for In-Depth China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation. The area has several initiatives designed to overcome obstacles to China-Africa trade and investment, like assistance in areas of technology and money, regulation and vocational training.

Eventually, the area is located in a bigger free-trade area that is much connected to Africa by air, water and land passageways. American agricultural exports to China go through Hunan, where local business either uses these goods or distributes them across the country to stores.

Companies in Hunan are well placed to play a key role in supporting China-Africa trade, capitalizing on the opportunities left by China-US hostilities.

Hunan’s agritech giant Longping High-Tech, for instance, is investing in Tanzanian soybean farmers.

Hunan is also home to China’s construction manufacturing and electronic transportation frontier. This includes global construction giant Sany, which produces heavy industry machinery for the construction, mining and energy sectors. China’s global electronic vehicle manufacturing BYD and its electronic railway industry are also in Hunan. They have deep and increasing interests in Africa and can also support China’s key minerals and tech race with the US.

As US-China hostility enters a new era, what are the implications for China-Africa relations?

As my new working paper sets out, African countries are, for example, responding to the new opportunities from China.

At the end of 2024, while the world waited for Trump’s second coming, various African countries made moves to strengthen economic ties with China, Hunan province especially.

In December 2024, Tanzania became the first African country to open an official investment promotion office in the China-Africa Cooperation Pilot Zone in Changaha.

In November 2024, both the China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo in Africa and the China Engineering Technology Exhibition were held in Abuja, Nigeria. Equivalent events were hosted in Kenya.

Early in 2025 in Niamey, Niger, a joint pilot cooperation zone was inaugurated. It is a direct partner of the China-Africa Pilot zone in Hunan.

As China moves away from US agricultural produce, for instance, African agricultural producers can benefit. Substitute African products and potential exports will enjoy a price boost, and elevated Chinese support.

China’s newly elevated interest in African development and market potential will bring major prospects. The question will be whether African countries are ready to grasp them, and to use that potential to foster an independent development path of their own.

Lauren Johnston is an associate professor in the China Studies Center, University of Sydney.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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In We Do Not Part, Han Kang faces historical traumas with compassion – Asia Times

It’s daunting to evaluate a book written by someone who, in 2024, received the Nobel Prize in Literature. The prize was awarded for Han Kang’s “intense artistic narrative that confronts traditional traumas and exposes the weakness of human existence”: a information that applies equally to this newly translated job.

We Do Not Part tells the story of Kyungha, a poet of 20th-century North Korean record, and her longterm companion Inseon, a film filmmaker and artist. Both women are increasingly choosing loneliness over the busy professional and social life they had lived.

Kyungha has very little withdrawn from her expert life. She is suffering from depression and anxiety, anxious night and exhausted single time. She is losing touch with those she loves.

Inseon had moved from Seoul to the rural area of Jeju many years prior to treatment for her aged mother. After her mother’s dying, she chose to remain on the island and move from screen-based function to furniture-making.

The tale is told in three sections. The longer second portion, titled Bird, opens with a fantasy series. It goes on to tell a relatively straight tale of past and present. The shorter center element, Night, is a deep dive into the evils of story. The ending, Flame, is quite small, told in bits. The book ends with what seems to be a vision, where the two people light a candle in the dark, in the abyss of winter.

The desire that opens the book is of” thousands of black tree roots jutted from the world. … Stooped and listing, they gave the impression of a thousand men, women and ragged kids huddling in the snow”.

Trees that represent individuals, children who are ragged: these are worryingly dark pictures. In the twisted truth of the dreamland, Kyungha wonders:” Was this a grave? … Are those headstones”?

The vision moves on, and she finds that she is walking through liquid. Second her feet are sweaty, then she is ankle-deep, and then the “graves” are submerged, being washed away by the water, and she alone may try to preserve any that can be saved.

This sets the stage for all that is to come: proof of murders, nature turned into a period for terrible situations, a bone-chilling consciousness of pain.

Wish project

This may sound like an unpromising access point for a book, but let me tell visitors that the story offers genuine rewards. I was a contact undone by the first pages, but the beauty of the language kept me going. The intelligent, interesting portraits of the generosity, integrity and courage of the two important characters, to, provided an interesting path on which to adopt the narrative.

In the early chapters, Kyungha presents as a person suffering from PTSD. She has been flirting with death for some time. What is keeping her alive is that she can’t find a way to write what she believes to be” a proper letter of farewell, a true leavetaking”.

The elements and circumstances seem to conspire against her peace. Through the novel’s first chapters, Kyungha is surviving a hot humid summer. All she is able to do is shower, shred the drafts of her farewell letters, and lie on the floor imagining snow.

She has been brought to this point as a result of her researching and writing about a massacre in a place she names G— ( perhaps Gwangju, the site of a massacre in May 1980, which Han Kang addressed in her 2014 novel Human Acts ). Kyungha’s account of how she is – barely – managing day-to-day life reads like a textbook case of vicarious trauma. She speculates that translating the dream-image into an art work might break its grip.

Kyungha approaches Inseon, who has a long record of producing interesting if financially unviable projects. Inseon agrees to collaborate with her on this dream project. But four years go by without them ever managing to synchronise their schedules or begin the work.

Then, after some months of silence, a text from Inseon pings into Kyungha’s phone. It asks her to come to a Seoul hospital. Inseon is there, being treated for an accident involving an electric saw. She has turned to her old friend to ask Kyungha to travel to Jeju and save her budgie, which will otherwise die of thirst.

A quest

The novel then enters what can loosely be read as a quest narrative. It is now mid-winter and a wild snowstorm is on the way. Inseon’s home is in a village a long way from the airport, and snow is threatening to shut down the roads.

Nonetheless, Kyungha agrees to take up the quest. She finds herself in an unfamiliar location with a looming frightening weather event and no practical knowledge about how to reach Inseon’s home. As she struggles to reach the destination, she finds herself spiraling like the snow in this winter storm.

There is neither precision nor even clarity here: Much as the story leaps back through decades, then feels its way back to now, Kyungha stumbles through a landscape that she cannot map and plunges precipitately off the paths. Snowdrifts obscure the roads and” snowflakes resembling a flock of tens of thousands of birds appear like a mirage and sweep over the sea”.

Scratched, bruised and almost frozen, Kyungha finds herself at Inseon’s door, where she is completely isolated:” When I looked back”, she says,” the lone path that bore my deep footprints lay in silence”.

And there she remains, trapped by the weather, haunted by the stories of those she had interviewed for her book on the G— massacre. Stories of running from bullets, bodies being piled up, hiding for years in forests and caves: all the unendurable things that people nonetheless endured.

The wounds of history

The second part of the novel begins with a version of the initial dream of the sea and tree trunks that are metaphors of the dead. Kyungha wakes from this dream to find herself in a sort of ontological uncertainty. Inseon has ( impossibly ) joined her at the cottage. Kyungha can’t determine whether this is another dream, or if Inseon has died and is visiting her as a spirit, or if she herself has died is only imagining that she is alive and present.

What is not in doubt, though, is the historical record. Kyungha finds that she is not the only person who has been researching state-sanctioned massacres. Inseon has been busy investigating what is known as the April 3rd uprising and the long massacre that followed from 1947 to 1954.

This massacre was organized and undertaken by the US military and the new Republic of Korea, based on the flawed notion that the Jeju islanders were communists. It resulted in the deaths of around 30, 000 people.

Citizens of Jeju awaiting execution, May 1948. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Nietzsche warned that “if you gaze long enough into an abyss, the abyss will gaze back into you”. Han Kang’s version of this idea is, as she writes in We Do Not Part, that “looking squarely at the injury made it all the more excruciating”.

Here it is Inseon’s nightmares that dominate: This is where her family and people died and where their traces remain. But both women are carriers of nightmare stories. Both stagger under the weight. They have both looked squarely at the excruciating injuries of state-sanctioned murder and they carry the wounds of those histories.

This is an issue Han Kang has been tracing through her novels. Her stories engage, one way or another, with the problem of violence. As she writes in Human Acts, she sees the tendency to “uniform brutality” as something “imprinted in our genetic code”.

But she also notes, in her Nobel Lecture, that we humans” simultaneously stand opposite such overwhelming violence”. Yes, we do terrible things, but we also do generous and compassionate things. We live simultaneously in the scarred world of human history and in the less-damaged natural world.

We Do Not Part portrays massacres and trauma, contrasted with trees and seawater, walks in forests and glorious hymns to snow. It is a novel that depicts a beautiful world, one worth living in, and for. It is a novel that looks, perhaps too squarely, at recent history, while finding consolation in small acts of kindness and community, and in the assurance that, however we understand the phrase, we do not part.

Jen Webb is a distinguished professor of creative practice in the Faculty of Arts and Design, University of Canberra.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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GE Newbies Watch: PAP makes moves in Hougang; PSP, WP and SDP fresh faces spotted

The 39-year-old prosecutor took over as the president of the ruling group’s tree in Hougang on Feb 17. He replaced Mr Jackson Lam, who had served in the responsibility since October 2023.

Hougang has been an antagonism enclave since 1991, and Mr Lim’s visit signals PAP’s ongoing efforts to make gains in the single-seat district.

During his first major walkabout last Sunday ( Mar 2 ), Mr Lim visited Hougang Avenue 5, greeting residents and shop owners in the housing estate.

” I particularly appreciated the small moments of connection – a smile, a hand, a shared laugh”, he afterward said on social media. ” These easy gestures speak to the enormous kindness, warmth and connection of our Hougang people”.

A lover at nearby strong Martin &amp, Partners, Mr Lim specialises in criminal legislation. He was formerly a deputy public prosecutor at the Attorney-General’s Halls before becoming an assistant chief people keeper at the Public Defender’s Ofice, which provides legal help to those facing non-capital costs.

Gho Sze Kee ( PAP )

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S Korea’s lefty opposition shifting to the center-right – Asia Times

Being a left-winger in South Korea has always been difficult, according to former shop employee and labor advocate Yoon Jong-oh.

The rulers in cost for most of the first four years after the Republic of Korea gained independence in 1948 saw communists under every sleep and, especially, did not like workers organizers one little – much less give them a say in regional politics.

The” 386 generation” of rebels from Yoon’s generation, who were born in the 1960s and started organizing and protesting for democracy in the 1980s before turning 30.

Their political union began to elude liberals as they came into power. But, despite the passage of years, some people failed to forgive and forget extreme behavior– including some&nbsp, dalliances with North Korea&nbsp, – that 386ers and their sympathizers tried to dismiss as young indiscretions.

The Asian left is also facing popular distrust and a fresh wind of misery is blowing in halfway through the next decade of the 21st century as a result of an attempt at the top of the major opposition Democratic party, which had self-identified as centrist but diverse, to remove and stand out from determined progressives like Yoon.

Representative Lee Jae-myung, the party’s leader, is moving to the right as a possible “political display to court confused voters” is drawing near as a possibility of a snap election.

Moving to the’ center-right’

On February 19, Lee said that the Democratic Party is” no progressive” and made an appearance on a pro-Democratic Party YouTube channel. We actually hold a place that is” about center-right.” The liberal station needs to be just established”, Lee added.

Lee’s abrupt move to the right has drawn criticism from all over the hallway.

Shin Dong-wook, a mature director for the decision People’s Power Party, blasted Lee’s statement, calling it an “impersonation of conservatism.” According to Shin, Lee is shedding” reptile tears” to appeal to confused citizens, as Lee’s scores become “boxed in” to the traditionally liberal demographic.

Despite Lee’s immediate remarks, some Democratic Party members have expressed concerns that their party’s identity might become less identifiable.

Lee In-young, the DP’s five-term top senator, said,” The DP is not the PPP.” ” I have read the party mandate and manifesto several times, and I still do not know which part to visit conservative. The DP is a compilation of the social struggle to advance democratic norms.

The ruling PPP is viewed as conservative while the DP is generally viewed as a liberal force in South Korea’s two-party social circle. Yet, some experts argue that the DP may truly be labeled democratic and that South Korea’s social spectrum has frequently shifted to the right.

Yoon Tae-ryong, an honorary professor at Konkuk University and without any affiliation to Yoon Jong-oh, wrote in a column published in local media that” South Korea’s entire political spectrum has shifted unnaturally to the right as conflict on the Korean Peninsula has persisted for 76 years. Instead of a conflict between the conservative and far-right forces, the party politics of today is one between the far-right and the progressives.

Ji Byung-geun, a political science professor at Chosun University, made similar observations. The DP is not a true progressive party, Ji told Asia Times.” If you look at the traditional standards that we use to determine which party is progressive, it is not one.”

They “made policy choices that are traditionally progressive parties unthinkable,” Ji continued, citing former President Kim Dae-jung’s decision to support the International Monetary Fund’s structural reform initiatives and former President Roh Moo-hyun’s decision to participate in the Gulf War. The DP, he said, “moves within the range of center-left to center-right”.

Historical barriers to progressivism

From the end of World War II through the majority of the rest of the 20th century, crackdowns on leaders and a focus on economic development were a source of resistance, as Professor Ji points out.

Although the first truly progressive party earned parliamentary seats in 2004, the number of progressive seats has significantly dwindled since then, Ji noted.

Representative Yoon Jong-oh, one of the far-lefters in the National Assembly, is the leader of the minor opposition Progressive Party. He was a labor organizer before moving to the United States. He claimed that the political climate in the country has historically provided” a challenging environment for left-leaning parties.”

After a hard-scrabble youth, Yoon entered local politics in 1998 in industrial Ulsan. He supported progressive policies and agendas, including universal healthcare, universal school meals, and a wealth tax scheme, despite not having any affiliation with a party at the time.

Yoon, 61, stated in an interview that” these]policy requests were regarded as radically progressive” back then. ” However, they are very much universal”.

The former labor activist recalls oppressive experiences in South Korea’s pre-democratization society. We worked nonstop for a local automaker when I was there. Our breaks were 30 minutes. On Saturdays, we worked. Low wages were displayed.

Yoon ( right ) at Hyundai Motors. Wiki Photo

Yoon asserts that the developmental dictatorship of South Korea produced a society where national development and interests predominated over individual rights and happiness. It was taboo to go against the government’s developmental drive and advocate for labor rights.

Threat from North Korea

According to Ji, the professor, the relative ideological proximity of the progressive parties to the socialist regime in North Korea serves as a political vulnerability, making them easy targets for crackdowns under the National Security Act.

Indeed, Yoon points to South Korea’s authoritarian past and the ongoing Threat from North Korea as limiting the expansion of progressive politics.

He claimed that in the past, South Korea “lacked the perception of individual rights,” because the ruling party put the country first on the basis of wealth. The National Security Act was a tool for denying these rights.

Signed in 1948, the National Security Act sought to eradicate pro-North Korean and anti-state forces. However, historical accounts demonstrate how authoritarian governments abuse them to thwart political opposition and thwart democratization movements.

Right-leaning governments still use the “pro-North Korea frame” to impede progressive parties, Yoon contends.

” Think about President Yoon Suk Yeol’s most recent martial law decree”, said Representative Yoon. ( These two Yoons are not related either. ) The conservative president “labeled all those who oppose him and those who support workers ‘ rights as pro-North Korean forces.” The president’s administration “oppresses labor movements and civic groups to prolong its grip on power”.

This is not unique to the recently impeached government, according to the progressive politician.

All conservative regimes persecuted civil society and stifled the progressive movement, putting them under a pro-North Korean frame, even President Yoon Suk Yeol is more blunt. That is how they disbanded the Unified Progressive Party”, Representative Yoon added.

South Korea’s Constitutional Court disbanded The Unified Progressive Party in 2014 under the National Security Act for allegedly “holding a hidden purpose of realizing North Korean-style socialism.” Lee Seok-ki, a UPP lawmaker, was accused by the National Intelligence Service of planning a pro-North Korean rebellion, and he was given a prison term.

Yoon Jong-oh in his special forces days. Wiki Photo

Yoon is a veteran of the military in a nation where military service is still required. Having reached the rank of sergeant as a combat intelligence specialist in an airborne special forces brigade, he dares anyone to impugn his loyalty to the country.

Before the UPP was disbanded and lost, he ran for local office under the UPP. He was the only minor left-wing candidate to win a seat in South Korea’s 2024 Legislative Elections while representing the successor party, the Progressive Party.

Professor Ji argues that institutional constraints systematically disadvantage progressive parties from winning legislative and presidential elections.

The electoral system in South Korea is a “winner-takes-all system.” Such a system favors two-party politics and impedes ideological diversity across the aisle”, the academic said. It is a system that doesn’t properly represent the populace.

South Korea uses a system that combines constituency-based representation with proportional representation. While the system was inaugurated in 2020 with the intention of ensuring fair representation to minor parties, it ultimately backfired. Minor parties were further marginalizing minor parties as they swept constituency seats and established satellite parties to secure the most proportional seats.

A brighter future for progressivism?

Lawmaker Yoon believes a runoff electoral system would help the South Korean legislature better reflect the public’s ideological distribution.

” South Korea employs over 20 million people and employs 1 million farmers. However, he claimed that the majority of lawmakers are former lawyers, professors, journalists, and executives of major conglomerates.

” We have to change the electoral system, but the established power is clenching onto the existing system, and not letting go”, he added. For the development of progressive parties in South Korea, institutional improvements are essential.

The lawmaker maintains hope despite these setbacks.

” South Korea’s political soil was unfavorable for the seeds of progressivism to grow. I have persevered, and I’ve now reached the point where I can say what he said. I’ll make an ongoing appeal to the people, stand with them, and work to improve their means of income. ” &nbsp,

The DP’s shift to the right and the political turmoil brought on by President Yoon Suk Yeol’s martial law decree offer opportunities for leverage, according to Yoon and other progressives.

We, the Progressive Party, can become a strong leftist stronghold that fights for the rights of ordinary people and hardworking laborers, Yoon said.

” People today need a force that stands up to the far-right hardcore conservatives. We can act like that force, the lawmaker continued.

Professor Ji has more skepticism.

” I think the DP’s decisions to position itself center-right and abandon the left was very strategic. They think the progressive bloc has a bad future, he said.

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Trump’s intel, cyberattack cuts threaten Ukraine’s survival – Asia Times

In line with his recent techniques to calm tensions with Russia and guide Ukraine’s post-war course, US President Donald Trump has taken concrete actions to lessen Kyiv’s ability to defend itself from Moscow’s sluggish travel for invasion.

Major administration officials announced the expulsion of two military-related programs after announcing a “pause” in the shipping of US$ 1 billion worth of weapons, including one that was intended to stop Russian cyberattacks on Ukraine’s besieged military.

The director of the US Central Intelligence Agency, John Ratcliff, stated on Wednesday ( March 5 ) that the cutoff in intelligence support was a result of the “pause” in US aid to Ukraine’s military.

” I think the pause that allowed that ( suspension ) happen, I think will go away,” he said on the military front and the intelligence front. And I believe we will continue to cooperate with Ukraine as we have done in the past to stop the brutality that is occurring.

National Security Advisor Mike Waltz responded to a question immediately about intelligence-sharing with Kyiv by pausing, assessing, and looking at everything in our safety relationship.

However, according to leaking from the Pentagon, Pete Hegseth, the secretary of defense, had ordered US causes to halt a program designed to deter Russian cyberattacks on Ukrainian infrastructure and fight against Soviet computer-controlled facilities.

Both choices will unavoidably harm Ukraine’s defense abilities, which have been under pressure from a slow but relentless Russian offensive. The troops of Ukraine will be blinded to Russian air and ground manoeuvres by the intellect gap. The most powerful piece of intelligence is obtained from the US, so Europe may make up for it.

According to Neil Barnett, CEO of Istok Associates Ltd, a UK-based knowledge consulting business,” I don’t think there’s any way to deny that,”” It’s certainly going to be a big loss for the Russians.”

” The British may try to close the void,” he continued. We have “listening content,” the statement read. However, he continued,” We certainly don’t have all of the features that the Americans have.”

Ukraine’s power, energy, and communication networks have also been subject to regular attacks. According to observers, US security operations, which include the potential to ruin Russian infrastructure, are partially intended to deter further Russian attacks.

” If the US is reversing its cyber-offensive activities against Russia, it will likely open up more opportunities for Russia to concentrate on problems.” As a result of this policy, I anticipate more problems and challenges, according to Rob Hughes, an officer at RSA, an National business for computer and network security.

Each has so far been reluctant to enter Ukraine because it wants Russian forces to leave the country second, Russia because its conflict goals have been non-negotiable.

First steps in arranging these discussions were Trump’s secretary of state Marco Rubio meeting with Sergei Lavrov, Russia’s foreign secretary, last week in Saudi Arabia. Rubio did not immediately inform Interactive of Trump’s intentions to cut back on Ukraine’s intelligence-sharing and cyberattacks.

Trump has apologised to the Russians in government by putting the blame on Kyiv instead of Moscow. This idea challenged the West’s past, largely held view that Russia was the sole cause of the conflict.

Trump even made a significant alteration to his opinion of the war, not just by blaming Ukraine but also by designating Volodymyr Zelensky, the nation’s appointed leader, as a “dictator.” This spelled the end of their already storied Oval Office bombing.

After the Russian president made reference to Russia’s past breaking politely agreed terms, Trump dressed down Zelensky during televised speaks. Trump advised Zelensky to jump at the chance of peace talks rather than shop. Trump absolutely yelled, “You’re gambling with millions of lives.

Notably, Trump has not launched any personal attacks against Putin, whose dictatorship has been characterized by widespread arrests, strong media regulation, and the not-so-mysterious deaths of critics and social rivals, including Alexei Navalny, who passed away in a Siberian prison last year.

Before Trump’s talk to the US Congress on Tuesday, when he listed what he thought his domestic and foreign policy successes after six weeks in office, both the choice to withdraw intelligence and prevent cyberattacks against Russia and according to reports from Washington.

Trump did not mention the cleverness freeze and coercive cyberwar suspension, maybe for a social reason. When a decision was made public, censure followed from both members of Trump’s personal judgement Republican Party and the opposition Democratic Party.

Republican Congressman for the state of Florida, Carlos Gimenez, said,” I really don’t know where that’s coming from. We can’t demonstrate Russian frailty.”

Trump is making” a crucial strategic error” only to “earn the devotion of a gangster like Vladimir Putin,” according to Chuck Schumer, a lawmaker from New York and the panel’s leader for the Democrat minority.

European allies expressed shock at the cleverness threshold, particularly in light of the situation. We see that important critical areas where US support is essential include intel-sharing, long-range detail fires, and heat protection weapons. At this point, those may be replaced by anyone else, according to Giedrimas Jeglinskas, the head of the Lithuanian parliament’s National Security and Defense Committee.

He continued,” If intelligence sharing is not resumed, it will negatively impact Russian troops ‘ ability to fight.”

Consistently, Russia has responded warmly to Trump’s altercation with Ukraine. European nations have all viewed Ukraine as a victim of an unwarranted Russian assault since the conflict started three years ago. Trump may now only want to end the conflict, so paying a little amount for Putin’s PR hat seems like a fair price. &nbsp,

Notably, Putin has not yet taken what might be regarded as mutual steps. Despite Trump’s alteration of voice and element, Russian government-controlled advertising continues to criticize him for not lifting severe economic sanctions put in place by the US and supporters over the past ten years.

Confidence ruled, as with many of Trump’s beginning foreign policy decisions. Trump quickly insisted he was serious about expelling the Palestinians and building a fresh” Riviera” on the wrecked southern site when Secretary of State Rubio attempted to walk back Trump’s plan to walk two million Palestinians from the war-ravaged Gaza Strip into Egypt and Jordan.

The Pentagon attempted to make the on X presentations about Ukraine work on Wednesday. To be clear, the tweet reads,” #SecDef has not canceled or delayed any digital operations against destructive Soviet targets, and there has been no stand-down order from that priority.”

Hegseth himself retweeted a blog from a TV channel on Monday, saying he had ordered a “temporary pause” on” some controversial offensive behavior” against Russia. Trump hasn’t addressed the matter.

Trump hasn’t addressed the disaster, saying that he has often made comments on what he perceives to be “fake news” on media outlets he views as opposed.

In the end, Trump overran Zelensky with verbal attack and made direct threats to its ability to defend its country. On Tuesday, he wrote a letter to Trump that both stated his desire to support peace negotiations and even gave US access to a potentially lucrative portion of his nation’s supply of crucial materials.

During his Tuesday speech to Congress, Trump read Zelensky’s bending to his will to a cheering group of Republican politicians.

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Trump tariffs: China is a manufacturing powerhouse- can tariffs change that?

14 days before
Joel Guinto

BBC News

Reporting fromSingapore
Getty Images This photo taken on February 22, 2018 shows a woman working at a textile factory in Haian in China's eastern Jiangsu province.Getty Images

US President Donald Trump has hit China with a second tariff in as many months, which means imports from there now face a levy of at least 20%.

His most recent attack on Beijing is that country already faces steep US tariffs, which range from 100 % on Chinese-made electric vehicles to 15 % on clothes and shoes.

Trump’s tariffs target the brain of China’s production boom, a network of companies, assembly lines, and provide chains that produce and deliver a wide range of products, including everything from fast clothing and toys to solar panels and electric vehicles.

China’s trade surplus with the world reached a record$ 1 trillion ($ 788 billion ) in 2024 thanks to strong exports ($ 3.5 billion ), which overshadowed its import ($ 2.5 billion ) growth.

China has long been the largest manufacturer in the world, and it has grown ever since it first opened its doors to international trade in the late 1970s thanks to cheap labor and express investment in infrastructure.

How much could Trump’s trade conflict affect China’s ability to succeed in developing?

How do levies operate and what are they?

Taxes are taxes levied on imports from other nations.

The buyer is typically the one who pays the taxes, which are typically set at a fraction of the value of the goods.

A product imported to the US from China would therefore be subject to an additional$ 0.40 charge if it were to be subject to a 10 % tariff.

Getty Images Workers weld parts at a factory which produces cabs for excavators in Qingzhou, in China's eastern Shandong province on October 31, 2024Getty Images

In order to encourage consumers to purchase less expensive home goods, companies should increase the price of imported goods, helping to promote their own economy’s growth.

Trump sees them as a way of growing the US economy, protecting jobs and raising tax revenue. But economic studies of the impact of tariffs which Trump imposed during his first term in office, suggest the measures ultimately raised prices for US consumers.

Trump has stated that his most recent tariffs are intended to pressure China into more to prevent the US from receiving the narcotic.

He also imposed 25 % tariffs on Mexico and Canada, claiming that the country’s leaders were not doing enough to stop the flow of illegal drugs across borders.

Does Trump’s tariffs wounded Chinese factories?

Well, experts assert.

Exports have been China’s” saving kindness,” according to Harry Murphy Cruise, an analyst at Moody’s analysis, and if the income continue, exports to the US may drop by a third to a second.

Due to China’s imports, which account for a fifth of the country’s earnings, the sheer volume of which means a 20 % tax could undermine international demand and reduce the trade deficit.

The tariffs may harm China, according to Alicia Garcia-Herrero, general analyst for Asia-Pacific at Natixis in Hong Kong, to the BBC. They must perform a lot more, they say. They must “boost local need,” as Xi Jinping has already said.

That is a tall task in an economy where the property market is slumping and disillusioned youth are struggling to find high-paying jobs.

Chinese people have not been spending enough to recharge the economy – and Beijing has just announced a slew of stimulus measures to boost consumption.

According to analysts, tariffs may slow down or change Chinese manufacturing, but they can’t do so quickly.

Getty Images UBTECH's swarm-intelligent humanoid robots conduct practical training at Zeekr's 5G Intelligent Factory on March 1, 2025 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province of ChinaGetty Images

” Not only is China the largest producer, it can also be the single supplier like solar panel. You can only get thermal panel in China, according to Ms Garcia-Herrero.

Before Trump became president, China had already started transitioning from making clothes and shoes to advanced tech like robotics and artificial intelligence ( AI ). And that has given China an “early movers” benefits, as well as the size of creation in the second-largest sector of the world.

According to Shuang Ding, general China analyst at Standard Chartered, Chinese factories may produce high-end technology in large quantities at a low cost.

” It’s truly difficult to find a replacement,” he said.” China’s position as a market leader is quite difficult to overtake.”

How is China reacting to Trump’s levies?

China has responded with counter tariffs of 10-15% on US agricultural goods, coal, liquefied natural gas, pick-up trucks, and some sports cars.

Additionally, it has announced an anti-monopoly analysis against Google and issued export restrictions to US companies in the fields of aircraft, defense, and technology.

From Trump’s second word, China has also had to spend years adapting to taxes. For example, some Taiwanese manufacturers have relocated their businesses away from the country. And because exporting from there without paying taxes, supply stores are increasingly dependent on Vietnam and Mexico.

However, according to Ms Garcia-Herrero, Trump’s new tariffs on Mexico won’t hurt China too much because Vietnam is a bigger loophole for Chinese products.

Vietnam is the answer, they say. I believe it will be very difficult if taxes are imposed on Vietnam, he said.

Getty Images This photo illustration shows the DeepSeek app on a mobile phone in Beijing on January 28, 2025.Getty Images

Experts believe that US limits on advanced chips predominate over China’s concerns.

These restrictions have caused China to face significant opposition from the two nations, but they have also fueled its desire to invest in separate, domestic technology.

It’s why Chinese AI firm DeepSeek shocked Silicon Valley and unnerved Washington when it released a chatbot that rivals OpenAI’s ChatGPT. The firm had reportedly stockpiled Nvidia chips before the US began cutting off China’s access to the most advanced ones.

Although this might have an impact on China’s profitability, I don’t believe that would have an impact on China’s position as a fabrication power, according to Mr. Ding of Standard Chartered.

On the other hand, any surface China can gain from innovative technology manufacturing will raise its high-value exports.

How did China grow to be a top producer?

According to experts, it occurred as a result of state aid, an unparalleled supply chain, and cheap labor.

The Economist Intelligence Unit analyst Chim Lee told the BBC,” The combination of globalization, as well as China’s pro-business policies and marketplace potential, helped to get the first wave of international investors.

The government then doubled down, investing heavily in creating a enlarging system of docks and bridges to import raw elements and export Chinese-made products to the earth. A robust exchange rate between the US dollars and the Chinese yuan also helped.

According to experts, a change in recent years toward advanced technology has made sure that it will continue to be related and forward of its competitors.

Getty Images This aerial photograph taken on April 16, 2024 shows electric cars for export stacked at the international container terminal of Taicang Port in Suzhou, in China's eastern Jiangsu Province. Getty Images

China currently has a lot of financial clout as a leader in the manufacturing sector. However, Trump’s tariffs also present a political option because they upend America’s relationship with other countries.

China must stand out as a strong international pressure and a proponent of free business, according to Mr. Cruise of Moody’s.

But that is not easy, given Beijing has been accused of flouting international trade norms, such as imposing a tariff of more than 200% on imports of Australian wine in 2020.

China must look beyond the US, which is still the main export place, according to researchers. After Canada and Mexico, the US export industry is the third-largest.

China’s business with Latin America, South East Asia, and Europe has been expanding, but it’s difficult to believe that the two biggest economies in the world you stop relying on one another.

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Taxi operators can convert used cars into taxis in move to level playing field with private-hire cars

With new regulations allowing them to convert used cars under five years old into taxis, taxi operators in Singapore will have greater flexibility in managing their fleets, according to senior minister of state for transport Amy Khor on Wednesday ( Mar 5 ). &nbsp,

Operators have an additional option to expand their fleet, which may help reduce costs, according to Dr. Khor said, as part of the Ministry of Transportation’s ( MOT’s ) spending plans for the year, which was announced in parliament.

Operators who want to convert old cars into taxis will need to ask the Land Transport Authority ( LTA ) for permission. &nbsp,

The ministry is putting in place one more strategy to level the playing field between private-hire cars ( PHCs ) and taxis.

Taxi providers will also be permitted to buy up to 5 % of their ship if they are more than three years old. According to Dr. Khor, this move aims to lower the risk of operators trying out new taxi models like multi-purpose vehicles ( MPVs ), which are more expensive but better suited for commuters who require larger vehicles. &nbsp,

Users can continue expanding their ships beyond 2 percent annually, but the 2 % annual cap on growth for car fleets will also be lifted. Since 2021, the cap, which was first put in place in 2013, has been in place to allow car drivers to restock their ships following the pandemic. &nbsp,

According to LTA, the methods take time to become operational once they are in place.

More information will be provided at a later time as part of the consultation with vehicle users, the National Taxi Association, and the National Private Hire Vehicles Association.

According to LTA, the vehicle fleet has more than halved over the past ten years, from around 28,700 in 2014 to about 13,100 in 2024.

In contrast to PHCs, cars have higher running costs because of variations in the regulatory frameworks, with taxi drivers being subject to more restrictions, the authority said.

” These actions give taxi operators more room to control costs and expand their fleet,” said Dr. Khor. They” complement our goes in the PHC industry to more level the playing field between vehicles and PHCs.”

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Behold China’s innovative golden age – Asia Times

Writing about the chaos of Trump’s evening is exhausting. I’ll get back to it later, but now I’d like to get a short break to read about a civilization that&nbsp, isn’t &nbsp, now tearing itself apart and accelerating its own drop: China.

A number of rising powers all reached their heights during the 20th century in terms of not only relative military may and economic power but also technological and cultural development.

These included the United States, Japan, Germany and Russia. Thus far, the 21st century is a little different, because just one big society is&nbsp, hitting its peak&nbsp, right today: China. India is only beginning to take off against the ancient power, and all of them are fading.

China’s top is&nbsp, really spectacular&nbsp, — a masterpiece of state capability and resource recruitment never seen before on this planet. China built more high-speed bridge in just a few years than the total number of different nations in the world. Its engine manufacturers are leapfrogging the developed earth, seizing authority in the EV market of the future.

China has produced so many solar panels and batteries that it has driven down the price to remain competitive with fossil fuels — a great blow against climate change, despite all of China’s huge fuel emissions, and a win for global electricity abundance.

China’s towns are scale-unmatched: dense forests of towering buildings adorned with LED lights, dense stores with wonderful restaurants and shops selling every modern convenience for a reasonable price, large highways and enormous train stations.

Yet China’s policy missteps and totalitarian misuses inspire awe and dread — Zero Covid failed in the end, but it demonstrated an ability to control world lower to the detailed stage that the Soviets would have envied.

However, it’s also up for debate whether China will be as inventive and cultural as the great empires of the 20th century. Many people ( including&nbsp, myself ) compare early 21st century China to&nbsp, early 20th century America. But by the start of World War 1, Americans had already invented the aircraft, the light bulb, the phone, the report person, air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the system weapons and the ball pen.

And the nation now had spawned a large number of well-known authors, Hollywood films, and jazz music. Japan’s social explosion&nbsp, came a little after, but was every bit as spectacular.

It is clear that a state that is authoritarian and oppressive inhibits creativity. I also expect China’s cultural export and control to improve as time goes on, due to increased individual wealth and leisure moment that make Taiwanese people feel more free to pursue artistic interests. But everything in the country is&nbsp, heavily censored, which means that the&nbsp, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/ne-zha-2-chinese-animated-film-shatters-box-office-records-heads-overs-rcna191619″>movies&nbsp, and music and&nbsp, video games&nbsp, and TV and art that come out of China will usually tend to be bland, anodyne stuff. 1.

It’s much less clear whether&nbsp, scientific and technological&nbsp, creativity suffers from autocracy, though. To strengthen their nations, autocrats want to advance science and technology. They sometimes squelch private entrepreneurs out of fear that an alternative center of power would threaten their rule, but at the same time they tend to direct large amounts of resources toward research and development.

The USSR beat the US to space ( twice ), and Germany was pretty autocratic for most of its run as the world’s leading scientific and technological powerhouse.

Modern China is undoubtedly a very creative nation. Chinese scientists now publish the majority of high-impact papers in fields like chemistry, physics, computer science, materials science, and engineering:

Source: The Economist, &nbsp

The country’s true dominance is probably less than depicted in this chart, due to&nbsp, “home bias” in the citations&nbsp, used to measure papers ‘ impact. But even correcting for that bias, China is undeniably a scientific superpower.

China’s innovation outside of the lab is just as impressive. A vast number of&nbsp, incremental improvements&nbsp, and&nbsp, process innovations&nbsp, allow many Chinese businesses to improve product quality and decrease manufacturing cost much more effectively than their foreign rivals. Most of the manufactured goods we buy today would be either lower-quality, more expensive, or both without Chinese innovation.

In fact, Chinese companies are responsible for&nbsp, most of the nation’s research spending. As a result, Chinese companies dominate the global market for a number of high-tech products:

Source: RAND

China is now ahead of most or all of the rest of the world in terms of&nbsp, deploying&nbsp, and utilizing those technologies so that people can use them. It has the world’s biggest high-speed rail system, one of the world’s best&nbsp, 5G cell phone networks, the world’s best mobile payments system, the world’s best&nbsp, delivery robots, some of the world ‘s&nbsp, most automated factories, and the world ‘s&nbsp, most futuristic cars.

What, however, has China produced in its golden age so far in terms of actual big scientific and technological breakthroughs and breakthroughs? The answer to this question might not be&nbsp, economically&nbsp, important — it’s hard to name an invention that came out of Singapore, and yet it’s among the richest countries on Earth. But it’s kind of an interesting question nonetheless.

Some people now contend that significant breakthroughs are no longer as prevalent as they once were. Some believe the low-hanging fruit of science has &nbsp, already been picked. It’s also possible that it’s harder for a single inventor or discoverer to stay ahead of the pack due to the much greater competitiveness of today’s global scientific enterprise and the global economy.

Nevertheless, we&nbsp, have &nbsp, seen a bunch of big breakthroughs and game-changing inventions in the last two decades — AI, generative AI, mRNA vaccines, Crispr, smartphones, reusable rockets, lab-grown meat, self-driving cars and so on. And it’s usually not too hard to identify a few researchers or a single company that made the big breakthrough for each one of these.

What significant ones have also emerged from China over the past ten and a half? First of all, I think it’s helpful to differentiate three different types of breakthrough innovation:

    Scientific discovery: This occurs when someone develops a new useful theory or discovers some significant empirical result.

  1. Prototype invention: This is when someone demonstrates some technological functionality in a lab setting.
  2. Commercial invention: This is when a company creates a version of a technology that has sufficient functionality to achieve mass commercialization.

The distinction between 2 and 3 is the source of many debates about who invented what, though the line between 1 and 2 isn’t particularly important in my opinion. James Watt didn’t build the first working&nbsp, steam engine, nor Apple the first working&nbsp, smartphone, but they made critical improvements that made those technologies mass-marketable in forms that would be recognizable many years later.

Some people believe Watt and Apple don’t deserve credit for these inventions because of this, but I believe they’re mistaken. Successful commercial invention requires bringing together a set of features, functional improvements, cost reductions, design, marketing/branding, and a business model for selling the thing, and so it involves a different set of skills than making a prototype in a lab.

On the other hand, prototype invention is clearly important as well, because it demonstrates that something is possible to build. Even though the Wright Brothers didn’t create the type of plane that a lot of people wanted to buy and use, everyone agrees that they were the ones who invented the airplane.

So anyway, I tried to look up the answer to this question. My sources include a report from ChatGPT’s” Deep Research” AI, Google searches, and lists of Chinese&nbsp, inventions&nbsp, and&nbsp, discoveries, Google searches, and a conversation with&nbsp, Glenn Luk&nbsp ( who is very bullish on Chinese innovation ). 2

In terms of&nbsp, commercial inventions&nbsp, like the smartphone or the steam engine, there are some big things that have come out of China since the turn of the century. Among these are:

1. The quadcopter drone

When people say “drone” these days, they usually don’t mean things like America’s Reaper or Iran’s Shahed — things that run on fossil fuels. They mean battery-powered quadcopters. This kind of drone has significantly altered our physical world over the past few years, surpassing all other technological innovations since the smartphone, and has seen a lot more widespread commercial adoption.

The first electronic remote-controlled&nbsp, quadcopter drones&nbsp, were built by a Canadian company called Draganfly in the 1990s. The first commercially successful quadcopter was released by a French company called Parrot in 2010.

But it wasn’t until China’s DJI released their Phantom in 2013 that drones attained the baseline level of functionality we expect from them today, and took off as a popular global product. DJI’s drones had better control, more stability, and longer flight time than Parrot’s, as well as a number of additional features that we now see as crucial.

In the same way that Steve Jobs is generally regarded as the inventor of the iPhone, I think it’s probably acceptable to refer to DJI’s founder andnbsp, Frank Wang&nbsp, as the inventor of the contemporary quadcopter drone. 3

2.5G wireless communications

5G isn’t one thing — it’s a product standard, meaning it’s a suite of various wireless technologies and capabilities. But Chinese companies, especially Huawei and ZTE, led the world in terms of the integration of those various technologies.

They developed and expanded upon these technologies, combined them with technologies like Massive MIMO ( a technique for using multiple antennas ), beam forming ( a method for more directly and effectively transmitting wireless data ), and polar codes ( a noise reduction technique ). They then successfully distributed them to consumers.

So I think it’s fair to say that Chinese companies “invented 5G” in the same sense that Japanese companies invented 3G, or American companies invented 4G.

3. The personal air taxi

Lots of companies have been working on these, but most people agree that the Chinese company Ehang was &nbsp, the first to commercialize these. They appear pretty inventive:

Photo: Ben Smith via&nbsp, Wikimedia Commons

4. The semi-solid state battery car and the sodium-ion battery car

Chinese car companies were the first to release vehicles powered by&nbsp, semi-solid state batteries&nbsp, and&nbsp, sodium-ion batteries, two alternatives to the typical lithium-ion batteries we use in EVs.

In contrast to the typical kind of electric car, sodium-ion batteries are slightly safer and charge more quickly, while semi-solid batteries have faster charging, better safety, higher energy density, and longer lifespans.

5. Sharing of bikes without docks

Bike sharing itself was invented elsewhere, but a Chinese company is generally believed to be the first to commercialize&nbsp, dockless bike sharing, which has now&nbsp, become widespread&nbsp, in the country.

6. The smartphone that folds is

The Royole FlexPai is generally acknowledged as the world’s first commercialized foldable smartphone. It’s pretty neat!

YouTube video

]embedded content]

7. Payments made using a Face-scan

China’s Alipay was the first to implement” smile to pay” systems, back in 2017.

8. The vape (e-cigarette )

This was actually&nbsp, invented back in 2003, by a Chinese pharmacist named Hon Lik.

9. The skyscraper building machine ( and various other construction machinery )

This is really awesome. A Chinese company &nbsp, created a machine&nbsp, that moves up a skyscraper as it’s constructed, building each floor as it goes:

YouTube video

]embedded content]

There are also some pretty cool original machines for&nbsp, laying high speed rail track.

10. Electromagnetic car suspension

Bose long ago invented this, but BYD seems to finally be able to do so:

YouTube video

]embedded content]

Those are the main commercial inventions I could find. I’m sure this isn’t a complete list, because A) there are a few things that are probably known inside of China but not well-known in English-language media yet ( I’ve heard rumors that Chinese chip companies are already mass-producing&nbsp, 3D DRAM, for instance ), and B) there are some inventions that will end up being important but whose importance people haven’t generally realized yet ( like the air conditioner in 1902 ).

Additionally, this list may soon grow. Chinese companies might soon come out with the world’s first marketable&nbsp, humanoid robots, &nbsp, solid-state car batteries, &nbsp, vacuum maglev trains&nbsp, ( “hyperloop” ), &nbsp, thorium nuclear reactors, &nbsp, perovskite solar cells, &nbsp, lab-grown organs, etc. Any one of these technologies would change the game, but it’s never been clear how far these technologies have come from widespread use. They have been in development for a while.

So if you can think of anything else that should go on this list, please let me know.

But even allowing for the incompleteness of this list, I feel like I expected it to be…a little more impressive? Although some of the other items in this list seem a little unimportant, drones are amazing and are already having an impact. Dockless bike-sharing is neat, but I’m not sure how big of a difference it makes in terms of transportation convenience relative to the docked variety.

Although folding smartphones are cool, will you actually buy one? Sodium-ion and semi-solid-state battery cars have some advantages, but seem likely to end up as niche products. Facial recognition payment doesn’t really save you much time versus swiping a phone, and it’s a little creepy. A few frequently mentioned items, like BYD’s “blade battery,” sounded so incremental that I didn’t even list them on this list.

Anyway, &nbsp, prototype inventions&nbsp, are a bit harder to identify, because unless they’re done in an academic lab, it’s hard to tell how well the prototype really works. Companies are typically secretive about what they create, especially in China, where other businesses are constantly attempting to steal their intellectual property.

And what you do see&nbsp, publicly released&nbsp, is often a marketing stunt that doesn’t really reveal how well the thing works. Then there are military inventions, which are kept under&nbsp, even tighter wraps. It’s unclear whether a Chinese company actually entered the field of humanoid robots, solid-state battery cars, vacuum vacuums, or even when you know that they do.

The Wright Brothers were sort of a special case here — everyone could see for themselves that the thing flew.

Here I’m having a&nbsp, lot&nbsp, of trouble constructing a list. As for&nbsp, scientific discoveries. The top ones I could find include:

1. The development of space-based quantum communications (useful for determining when your communications have been compromised )

2. The first&nbsp, cloned primates

3. The first&nbsp, photonic quantum computer&nbsp, to demonstrate “quantum supremacy”

4. The first human babies whose&nbsp, genes were edited&nbsp, using Crispr ( though the scientist was jailed for doing this )

Really, there isn’t much else there. Not being a scientist, I’m not really able to judge how groundbreaking a discovery in chemistry or materials science or biology is.

But AI, Wikipedia, and the lists I find online are having real trouble listing Chinese achievements in science that aren’t of the form “world’s biggest radio telescope” or “fastest supercomputer on Earth for six months” .&nbsp, Wikipedia’s list&nbsp, of modern Chinese discoveries is almost all math theorems from the mid 20th century (usually work done outside China ).

This is a little strange, don’t you think? Chinese scientists are publishing 80 % of the world’s high-impact papers in materials science, 75 % in chemistry, and almost 60 % in physics, and neither I nor the entire English-speaking internet can find more than one or two breakthrough advances coming out of China in these fields?

Chinese science cannot be the answer, so let’s say that. I mean, &nbsp, a bit of it is fake, because of citation rings and perverse incentives at Chinese universities, but most of it is very real. It’s just all incremental stuff. Although all those incremental discoveries are unquestionably significant, there haven’t been many significant breakthroughs in recent years.

The seeming paucity of Chinese invention and discovery is even stranger when we consider how much human capital the country has. The nation should be producing more Nobel-caliber scientists with 1.4 billion people, one of the best educational systems in the world ( at least in the richer regions ), and incredibly well-funded universities. The talent is there. Except when you hear about Chinese scientists making world-changing discoveries, they all seem to have &nbsp, done their work outside China, often in the US.

Now, I’m always very skeptical of the myth that Asian nations are uncreative. This stereotype got lobbed at Japan for a long time, but it was never true, &nbsp, a list of Japanese inventions and discoveries&nbsp, will run for many pages. 4&nbsp,

Yes, there were cases in which Japanese companies adopted and improved technology from the US and Europe — CNC machine tools, shipbuilding, and fuel-efficient cars come to mind — but at the same time, Japanese scientists and inventors made breakthroughs at about the same rate as their counterparts in the West.

The” Japan is uncreative” trope partly came from Japan’s slightly later industrialization, but was also a defensive coping reaction by American businesses in the 70s and 80s who were afraid of Japanese competition.

However, some smaller Asian nations do seem to fit the stereotype a little better. Singapore, especially, is notorious for having some of the world’s best scientists and engineers, but&nbsp, very few breakthrough discoveries. The same holds true for Taiwan, too.

South Korea is somewhere in between — there are &nbsp, a few standout Korean inventions, but so far no science Nobels and few game-changing products. Together, those three countries have 80 million people, or about 2/3 of Japan’s population, but they have produced far fewer breakthroughs than Japan combined.

The good news here is that a country doesn’t actually have to produce a bunch of standout inventions and Nobel-winning scientific discoveries in order to get rich. Singapore, Korea, and Taiwan all have GDPs that are higher than Japan’s. So the question of” Where are all the Chinese breakthroughs”? might ultimately not matter to China’s leaders. Being “giant Korea” or “giant Taiwan” doesn’t sound like a particularly bad fate.

Still, I do wonder why China, with its vast talent pool, its avalanche of research funding, and its huge consumer markets, hasn’t produced more game-changing inventions and discoveries yet.

I genuinely don’t believe it’s a result of autocracy; the CCP would surely reward  a Chinese researcher for developing mRNA vaccines or the transformer model or Crispr. And Frank Wang wasn’t punished for inventing the modern quadcopter drone— in fact, he’s a billionaire, and seems to be escaping the negative attention that peers like Jack Ma have received.

One possibility is that China’s economic institutions reward fast-following and intense competition over breakthrough innovation. It might be economically useless to create something truly new because there isn’t enough strong intellectual property protection; it will just be copied by someone else who will get the all the credit.

That seems like it would encourage more incremental advances. In science, incentives for  and the quantity of papers over quality  may be to blame. These incentives, along with various industrial policies, might produce intensive overcompetition, which I believe Chinese people call “neijuan“.

Whether China can tweak its system to produce more breakthrough discoveries and inventions is an open question. Given the success of nations like Singapore, Taiwan, and Korea, whether it should even care about doing so is another open question. The country certainly does tons of innovation, and maybe the incremental kind is all you really need.

However, if the lack of breakthroughs persists, I believe there is a chance that the 21st century great powers may turn out to be a little bit more boring than their 20th century foes.

Notes:

1 There are exceptions, of course. Check out&nbsp, this list of interesting new music&nbsp, from China. The band Carsick Cars is my favorite of the bunch.

2 Deep Research is a very good product — the first AI I’ve found that’s really useful for my writing. The key is that it lists sources that you can independently verify, so you can’t put your trust in it to prevent hallucinate. One prompt is basically like getting a smart undergrad to spend a day or two writing you a research report.

3 On the other hand, most people wouldn’t call Henry Ford the inventor of the car, so there will always be arguments here.

The digital SLR camera, the hand calculator, the laptop, flash memory, the DVD, the LCD TV, quartz wristwatches, color plasma TVs, CDs, VHS, the semiconductor laser, the microprocessor, the hybrid car, the lithium-ion batteries, carbon nanotubes, pluripotent stem cells, quantum electrodynamics, the blue LED, mesons, CP violation, spontaneous symmetry breaking, neutrino detection, neutrino oscillations, MSG, high-fructo This very partial list includes all three types of breakthroughs — scientific discoveries, prototypes, and commercial inventions.

This article, Noah Smith’s Noahpinion, was originally published on Noah Smith’s Substack, and it is now republished with kind permission. Become a Noahopinion&nbsp, subscriber&nbsp, here.

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Five takeaways from Trump’s Ukraine military aid freeze – Asia Times

Trump reportedly announced to the media on Monday night that a senior US defense official would suspend all military aid to Ukraine until its leaders demonstrate a good-faith devotion to peace.

The announcement comes just weeks after Volodymyr Zelensky, president of Ukraine, and vice chairman JD Vance, president of the United States, met at the White House.

In such a scenario, The Wall Street Journal had previously predicted that Ukraine could simply remain fighting at its present stage until this summer. What can we take away from this significant advancement in five simple terms:

<strong>1. Trump </strong><strong>i</strong><strong>s </strong>determ<strong>i</strong>ned to f<strong>i</strong>nd harmony w<strong>i</strong>th all<strong>i</strong>es.

Zelensky made it clear that he is determined to keep fighting and is still seeking NATO membership and American forces during his fatal attend to the White House last Friday.

Trump doesn’t like those names because they, he said, would harm World War III and that continued fighting would also be a possibility. &nbsp,

Trump, therefore, probably realized that the only way to bring Zelensky to terms with Putin is to thaw all military assistance until he reformers his attitude, which he perceived as severe.

2. Trump and Putin probably have a close-knit deal.

Trump claimed last week that” a ceasefire was occur right away,” which could have unintentionally revealed a surprise deal with Putin.

The second Ukrainian presidential elections are likely to lead to lasting peace, but they can’t be held without lifting martial law, implying the need for a peace.

Putin may help a peace to support the US’s curtailed support to Ukraine and validate Russian-US agreements, but he previously conditioned&nbsp, this on Ukraine withdrawing from the contested areas.

3.<strong> </strong>However,<strong> </strong><stro<strong>n</strong>g>i</stro<strong>n</strong>g>t<strong> </strong><stro<strong>n</strong>g>i</stro<strong>n</strong>g>s<strong> </strong><strong>n</strong><strong>ot<strong> </strong></strong><strong>y</strong><strong>et<strong> </strong></strong><strong>c</strong>omplete.

If the debate is correct, it doesn’t think that those two have reached a consensus.

Major issues like the border crossing between Russia and Ukraine and the peacekeeping issue may not be resolved until after the upcoming presidential and parliamentary elections in Ukraine.

So, it’s unnecessary to say whether the Line of Contact will become the country’s last frontier or whether American peacekeepers may be stationed along it, particularly since Russia opposes both.

<st<strong>r</strong>ong>4.<st<strong>r</strong>ong> </st<strong>r</strong>ong>Pol<st<strong>r</strong>ong>a</st<strong>r</strong>ong>nd<st<strong>r</strong>ong> </st<strong>r</strong>ong></st<strong>r</strong>ong><st<strong>r</strong>ong>m</st<strong>r</strong>ong><st<strong>r</strong>ong>ig<st<strong>r</strong>ong>h</st<strong>r</strong>ong>t<st<strong>r</strong>ong> </st<strong>r</strong>ong></st<strong>r</strong>ong>be<st<strong>r</strong>ong> </st<strong>r</strong>ong>in<st<strong>r</strong>ong> </st<strong>r</strong>ong><st<strong>r</strong>ong>a</st<strong>r</strong>ong><st<strong>r</strong>ong> </st<strong>r</strong>ong>c<strong>r</strong>uci<st<strong>r</strong>ong>a</st<strong>r</strong>ong>l<st<strong>r</strong>ong> </st<strong>r</strong>ong><st<strong>r</strong>ong>p</st<strong>r</strong>ong>osition.

In exchange for post-conflict benefits, about 90 % of American military aid to Ukraine routes through Poland. Therefore, Trump does ask it to prevent the Europeans from using its place to arm Ukraine while a ceasefire is in place.

He says he doesn’t want the British, French, or Germans to encourage Ukraine to offend the peace or to inspire Russia, and he can encourage Poland to do so by promising to keep American troops there, possibly from Germany to Poland, and by transforming Poland into its most important partner in Europe.

5. Trump’s top priority is the” New Detente.”

Every significant shift that has taken place since Trump’s phone with Putin in mid-February has been based on advancing his grand strategic objective of” New Détente,” which essentially aims to improve international relationships through a game-changing complete partnership.

Trump finally made the fateful decision to stop providing any military assistance to Ukraine because of this goal.

As Trump makes strong techniques to force Zelensky into the table of peace with Putin, transatlantic relations, Russian-US connections, and the nature of British hegemony are all changing before one’s vision.

His most recent one was essentially one of the worst-case cases from the standpoint of Ukraine and Europe, but they had little else to do in order to comply with his demands.

People who believe usually risk paying the price, as Trump repeatedly reminded Zelensky last Friday.

This article, originally published on Andrew Korybko’s Substack, is republished with sort agreement. Subscribe to the Andrew Korybko Newsletter around.

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China courts a shaken Europe after Trump-Zelenskyy row, slams US tariff moves

After a writer from US information store NBC News inquired if taxes would be a vital topic at this year’s Two Sessions, NPC director Lou criticized Washington’s decision to impose punitive tariffs as a infraction of global trade rules.

The United States ‘ unilateral imposition of tariffs violates the WTO’s ( WTO ) regulations and impairs the stability and security of the world’s industrial chain and supply chain, according to Lou.

Lou advocated for a balanced approach and expressed hope that” the United States and China will match each other half and discover a solution to the problem through similar conversation.”

Lou emphasized Beijing’s commitment to international cooperation and a rules-based world trading system as tensions between the world and shifting political dynamics continue to impose on international relationships. &nbsp,

China” will even work together to promote equitable economic globalization by strengthening cooperation with all countries in the world to simultaneously guard the hard-won multilateral trading system, oppose unilateralism and isolationism, and promote cooperation in this regard,” he said.

DEALING WITH ECONOMIC PRESSURES

In light of this situation, the Chinese government acknowledged on Tuesday that the country’s business, which is already grappling with local difficulties, has been negatively impacted by external pressures.

According to Lou, the NPC spokesperson, “internationally, rising economic and political difficulties make it harder to stabilise outside demand.”

He continued,” some businesses are experiencing operational difficulties, and domestically, demand is insufficient, and.”

However, Lou emphasized the tenacity of China’s economic bases despite the persistent difficulties.

He cited the country’s” super-large market” and” complete industrial system” as cases as examples, noting that the country’s economic foundation is stable, has many advantages, strong endurance, and great potential, and the long-term aid situations and fundamental changes have never changed.

Lou cited the a number of steps that were announced in September of last year as one of the steps taken to boost the Chinese market. He even brought up the national effort to “use new productive makes,” or” xin zhi wen chan li” in Mandarin.

” China’s market has often grown stronger through testing and ups and downs. We are comfortable in the state of the Chinese economy,” Lou said.

Premier Li Qiang will deliver the government function statement at the NPC beginning on Wednesday, when China is expected to outline its economic priorities and commitments for the year. These include goals for important measures like GDP growth and fiscal gap.

Experts have told CNA that they anticipate that Chinese policymakers will introduce new measures aimed at a more violent, household-focused fiscal strategy as authorities increasingly look to collect money from their own citizens to boost the economy.

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