China to play starring role in coming US election chaos

Japan- US Republicans intensified their calls for President Joe Biden to maintain a strict stance on China in the final weeks of 2023.

Of course, Biden is far ahead of the group that Donald Trump, his father, hopes to win in November. Beijing’s access to technology essential to sharpening its financial and security activity has been constrained by Biden since January 2021.

However, the renewed attention on China serves as a sobering reminder of the crucial responsibility that Asia may play—and not in the best way—in the upcoming US elections.

The only issue that Biden’s Democratic Party and Trump-supporting Republicans can agree on is blaming China and Asia in general for the financial problems facing America.

As a result, the area will become the political focal point of choice for progressives, conservatism, and the dwindling number of reformers in Washington this time.

According to David Kelly, a worldwide planner at JP Morgan Asset Management, all of this raises significant economic difficulties. His “base case forecast” for the US in 2024 states that there will be” 2 % growth, 0 % recessions,” 2 % inflation, and 4 % unemployment.”

However, Kelly adds,” It should be acknowledged that there are numerous possible threats to this outlook.”

The “lagged effects of higher interest rates and very important political pressure” are among “many possible risks to this perspective,” Kelly adds, in addition to the US vote. Any of these problems, or something completely different, could lead to a US economy’s slow-growing crisis.

Before the November 5 vote, that something else might be social body sport.

With his Republican party’s fresh” axis of evil” tale, which has been expanded from the previous Iran, Iraq, and North Korea gathering to contain China and Russia, Trump threatens everything from trade restrictions to military activity to even the cancellation of US debt held by people of those countries.

Trump has stated that he will “enact extreme new restrictions on Chinese possession” of a wide range of US assets, prevent Americans from investing in China generally, and gradually phase in the importation of important Chinese-made goods, such as electronics, steel, or pharmaceuticals.

At a new campaign rally, Trump declared,” We will impose harsh sanctions on China and all other countries as they abuse us.” Additionally, he just vowed to enact” a daring series of measures to totally eradicate dependence on China in all crucial areas.”

Trump has threatened to impose more sanctions on China’s business. Photo: YouTube

When then-presidential candidate Trump said to CNBC in May 2016,” I would use, knowing that you could make a deal if the business crashed,” he shook the world’s debt markets. And it was fine if the business was strong. Therefore, you ca n’t lose.

Trump’s team hurried to clean up after claiming that the debt supporting the reserve currency was n’t something he was thinking about defaulting on. However, the Washington Post detailed in May 2020 how Trump’s inner group wanted to put pressure on the China trade conflict by using Treasury stocks.

After Japan, China holds the second-largest amount of US Treasury stocks worldwide. Critics point out that Biden himself crossed a fiscal red line by freezing some of Russia’s foreign exchange reserves in response to the so-called “weaponization” of the money, which was the invasion of Ukraine by Moscow.

However, Team Trump has already begun describing how chaotic his upcoming management might be in a second name that may start in January 2025. This might involve a power grab by the professional unit that strips Congress of control over American finances.

Additionally, a Trump 2.0 administration do make sure to scale back Biden’s work to limit Chinese access to US technologies, including high-end electronics, to 11. Additionally, Trump may try to make amends with businesses that resisted his first-term policies.

Economists at Union Bancaire Privée contend in a note to clients that “big tech could face heightened scrutiny, while industries like conventional power may benefit from swings in revenue and regulatory responsibilities.”

Biden, also, might stir up the anti-China sentiments to rekindle his depressing surveys figures and deflect criticism of his son Hunter.

Republicans are adamant about proving their claims that Biden’s home engaged in influence-peddling and shady dealings involving Chinese businesses in addition to conducting business in Ukraine. The US House Oversight Committee&nbsp held a number of sessions about Hunter Biden starting in February 2023.

According to this theory, Republicans are conducting an formal impeachment investigation. The Communist Party of President Xi Jinping is President Biden’s best line of defense against this China-profiteering conversation, according to experts in Washington.

Following Biden’s much-anticipated conference with Xi in San Francisco in November, their first conference in a year, doing so would run any hope for an Sino-US detente. After the US allegedly shot down a Chinese detective bubble in February, relations soured.

Biden and Xi vowed to resume military-to-military connections in the midst of rising conflicts over Taiwan and China’s reassuring of Russia.

To prevent “vital miscalculations on either side” that could result in accidents, Biden stated that “open, clear, strong communications” should be the top priority. Xi pledged to maintain” secure, healthy, and green” ties with Washington at the time.

As the island holds presidential and parliamentary elections andnbsp on January 13, democratic elections that are putting Beijing’s compassion with talk of freedom to the test, the Taiwan issue may take center stage.

According to Rick Waters, an scientist at the Eurasia Group,” US-China relations remain necessarily competitive, and stabilizing work will continue to be vulnerable to both near and unexpected stresses in the year forward, including presidential&nbsp, election&ndspp, elections in Taiwan and the US.”

Perhaps the last thing China wants is more industry tension. Foreign direct investment in China soared for the first time in years in 2023. Some of the unfavorable sentiment stems from worries about the ability of investors and international companies to respect audits and other fundamental due diligence.

In Huaibei area, in the Anhui province of east China, a clerk counts economy banknotes. Asia Times Files / AFP image

Xi and Premier Li Qiang have increased their efforts to reform the private business as a result of the flows. However, as 2024 approaches and Beijing announces a new crackdown on China’s digital economy, foreign investors are unsure of how to feel about the rise of Asia.

This also applies to Washington. No world president, according to Biden, may enjoy switching areas with Xi. After all, the president of China must deal with a weakening economy, an intensifying housing crisis, high rates of adolescent poverty, and difficult Taiwanese policy. Additionally, Biden questions whether these competing pressure may produce Xi’s gathering more dangerous.

Others believe that a more intense monetary policy is possible. Kelvin Wong, an analyst at OANDA, advises keeping an eye out for potentially more generous fiscal and monetary policy trigger actions that may lift good creature ghosts in the small to medium term for nbsp, China&nBSP, and Hong Kong stock markets.

If China is given an even bigger composite position prior to the November elections, that becomes more difficult. Eastern exchange costs will undoubtedly take the lead in this situation. And this also applies to Japan.

The japanese performed the worst among the 10 wealthy countries in 2023, falling 9 % for the next year in a row.

The Treasury Department of Biden came to the conclusion that no significant buying companions were influencing exchange rates in November. That was true even though China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam were added to the Treasury’s waitlist.

The loss of Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen to criticize China’s monetary system infuriated some Republicans. Of course, one may counter that a weaker renminbi is entirely consistent with economic underpinnings given China’s problems. Maybe Yellen was concerned about the implications of attacking China without specifically targeting US supporter Japan.

However, if Biden wants to support his anti-China bella credentials, all bets might be off here as well. Particularly as Trump, the presumed Republican candidate, changes his strategy to more directly challenge Biden’s Asian history.

The worst problem of Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida might be this. Shinzo Abe’s international minister at the time the later Japanese head bowed to Trump was Kishida. Abe was the first earth president to rush to Trump Tower in New York in November 2016 to speak with the incoming US leader.

Trump imposed onerous taxes on steel and other essential commodities, giving Abe nothing in return—not perhaps a pass for Japan. Socially, Abe was hurt by the imbalance in their “bromance.” The fact that the erratic US president essentially had three friends in international management lines: Vladimir Putin, Kim Jong Un, and Abe infuriated the Tokyo creation. Speak about a poor appearance.

In fact, Kishida has courted Biden, endorsing Washington’s strict stance on China and Russia and providing support to Ukraine, including traveling to Kiev to join with President Volodymyr Zelensky.

The possibility of a Trump lost in November has Kishida’s group somewhat hedging its wagers. As a result, Kishida took time out of his busy schedule in April to match with Florida governor Ron DeSantis, who was trying to out-Trump Trump.

In the Covid era, Kishida and Biden hug. Online Screengrab photo

The Tokyo creation, however, has little interest in a Trump 2.0 White House after witnessing the panic of his first name and how it strengthened Pyongyang’s nuclear ambitions.

Yet, both Biden and the Republicans may be careful not to overextend themselves. The US federal debt reached a record high of$ 34 trillion in 2023.

That dubious breakthrough occurred just weeks before Congress’s deadlines to approve new federal funding plans and 51 times after Moodys ‘ Buyers Service threatened to remove Washington from its final AAA credit rating.

Whatever the outcome, experts at Goldman Sachs predict that” US votes could result in a more financially expansionary results,” another possible catalyst for higher bond yields.

Unchecked governmental spending, as well as more deficit growth, could” cause a rise of inflation, challenging the Fed’s control over the economy,” according to analysts at UBP.

A judgement on the Trump tax cuts is “one option Congress may encounter at the end of 2025,” according to Bank of America academics. Congress did not stretch the Trump tax cuts if it is sincere about reversing the exceedingly unsettling path of debt to gross domestic product.

BofA claims that while this “would n’t get enough fiscal adjustment to correct the current trajectory,” it” will likely be the first real test of Congress ‘ handle around the increasingly untenable fiscal path.”

All of this is reaching a nose as concerns about the US dollars continue to rise. It might not get much to enrage Xi’s people in Beijing into selling their holdings in the US Treasury.

Chaos would ensue if industry learned that China was selling sizable chunks of its$ 860 billion in debt to the United States. Markets could be destroyed by even word that Tokyo is refusing to increase its$ 1.1 trillion in Treasuries.

But, as the next 306 days go on, Asia will undoubtedly be dragged more and more into the most contentious US election in history, critically and uncomfortably at a time of greatest worry for the world economy.

Following William Pesek on X, previously Twitter, at @WilliamPess

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Digital wallet scheme ‘coming in May’

Digital wallet scheme 'coming in May'
Prommin: Coverage as a component of the overall picture

The authorities insisted on Wednesday that its pledged digital wallet scheme would be implemented in May and added that it would use input from the Council of State regarding its plan to use 500 billion baht to financing the scheme to make sure it was implemented perfectly.

The product costs and the lineup coverage of the ruling Pheu Thai Party were genuine, according to Prommin Lertsuridej, secretary-general to the prime minister, and their input had only aid in the scheme’s implementation.

The state asked the council’s opinion last month about whether the loan costs may be passed to fund the program, which aims to distribute 10,000 baht to every Thai person 16 years of age and older through a modern finances in an effort to boost the economy.

When asked if this plan and the monthly spending plan may increase the nation’s GDP this year, Dr. Prommin responded that they were only a small part of the overall picture and that the government intended to implement dozens of policies simultaneously to give the economy re-energized.

He claimed that the effects of the digital wallet plan was not taken into account when the Budget Bureau predicted a growth rate of 2.3 % to 3.7 % from the 2024 monthly spending plan. Additionally, he stated that over the course of the following four years, the government would see to it that the business was slowly strengthened.

On Wednesday and Monday, Democratic Record MP Jurin Laksanawisit cautioned the government not to hold the Council of State accountable if it did not rule in the country’s favor. During the House discussion on the budget bill, he criticized the modern bag system.

Mr. Jurin advised the government to create a backup plan in case the loan costs is unable to move forward.

What happens if the state is unable to borrow this amount? As long as the plan has not been put into action, I will continue to inquire about it on behalf of the general public, he said.

In addition, he expressed doubt as to whether the state had the capacity to do so and questioned how it intended to raise the funds to repay the loan in the event that the modern pocket program was implemented.

The previous Democrat leader even criticized the Pheu Thai-led state for requesting an extra loan of 100 billion baht, pointing out that the previous administration’s borrowing policies had received repeated criticism. For the 2024 fiscal year, he stated, the state may apply for a product price 693 billion baht, but this would not be enough to pay for the digital budget program. The state would have less money for purchases and development if it had debt payment obligations, he continued.

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Mother and daughter found dead in Rayong home from cyanide poisoning

On Wednesday, a mother and daughter were discovered dead after reportedly arsenic poisoning themselves inside their home.

The incident happened at a home in the Ban Chang neighborhood of the eastern province, where an elderly family and her 12-year-old child were discovered dead touching on the bed.

The deceased lady, whose identity was withheld, ran a pet clinic and practiced medicine.

An acquaintance of the deceased woman came to check on her because she did n’t show up for work, alerting the police.

The friend went inside the home and discovered the body.

The dying woman had divorced her husband, who resides in a different place in the same house, according to Ban Chang authorities director Pol Col Arthit Yakaew.

According to Pol Col Arthit, the ex-husband was not at home and was out of town at the time of the affair.

The dying woman’s motive is officially unknown, according to police.

The woman had no debts or economic issues, according to preliminary investigations, but she had a long history of mental illness.

According to her ex-husband, who claimed she later joined the Johrei, a Chinese moral movement that some have referred to as cult, she had been displaying signs of stress about her sick mother for three years.

A new Chinese church called Johrei or Sekai Kyusei KYo, which means “purification of the soul,” was established in 1935 by religious cleric Mokichi Okada. It uses the technique of “divine mild” channeling into the body of the patient in order to heal.

A death note that was thought to have been written by the deceased lady was discovered on a desk at the house and read,” Desire this death did bring flexibility throughout the world.”

Police speculated that her Johrei ideas might not have been involved in the incident after conducting thorough investigations and coming to the conclusion that the deaths were death.

Her family did not question the reason for her passing, Pol Col Arthit continued.

Studies were still being conducted.

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PBOC, BOJ start 2024 on a razor’s edge

TOKYO- Despite all the issues regarding the US Federal Reserve, the People’s Bank of China and Bank for Japan are the source of the actual play this season.

The task of stabilizing Asia’s largest economy and fending off negative forces without re-inflating property bubble falls to PBOC Governor Pan Gongsheng in Beijing. As Japan flirts with a recession, BOJ Governor&nbsp, Kazuo Ueda, is under pressure to end quantitative easing ( QE ) over in Tokyo.

Failure by either of the best policymakers could have unpredictable effects on the international economic order.

That is not to say that the Fed cannot slam markets in Seoul and New York with even the tiniest hint of budgetary action. The typical wisdom has swung with mind-boggling rate in recent days, from more level hikes to extreme easing in the coming months.

As Fed Chairman Jerome Powell chooses whether to applaud or upset investors, dangers abound. If you relax very soon, inflation may last forever. The Fed may increase the likelihood of a recession and potential bank problems if rates are cut too soon.

However, at the beginning of 2024, the difficulties authorities in Beijing and Tokyo are facing are much more complicated.

China is dealing with an intensifying real estate crisis, high rates of youth unemployment, negative pressures, and a Communist Party that is losing support from continent residents and overseas investors. In general, all of those pressures may support forceful price reductions.

When you add President Xi Jinping’s deleveraging directive, items become much more complicated. Since 2016, the transformation team at Xi has prioritized containing risks associated with a decade of excessive loans. China’s debt-to-GDP ratio increased from 180 % in 2011 to 256 % in 2017.

According to Logan Wright, chairman of China markets studies at Rhodium Group, this deleveraging plan “is the only reasonable starting point to discuss how China’s fundamental economic slowdown began.”

According to Wright,” China’s economic authorities cut record growth in half and made it much more difficult for Beijing to power the economy using its standard tools of credit-fueled investment by state-owned enterprises and regional governments” by reducing the growth of the shadow, or casual banking system.

According to Wright, “property developers continued to increase their own loans throughout the deleveraging promotion, building up an exceptional real estate bubble before it finally burst in late 2021, boosting China’s current&nbsp, financial grief.” Following the global financial crisis, the deleveraging strategy marked the end of China’s unparalleled credit growth.

According to Wright,” China perhaps may have experienced a fiscal crisis much sooner had Beijing never taken the aggressive steps it did targeting shadow banks starting in 2016, as its system became increasingly difficult to regulate and was already resembling parts of the US economic system before the 2007–2008 global economic crises.”

Vice Governor of the People’s Bank of China ( PBOC ) Pan Gongsheng is depicted here. Online, New Straits Times, and Screengrab

Pan naturally does n’t want to waste money trying to slow down China’s boom-and-bust cycles. Pan wants to prevent encouraging a relapse into poor banking and borrowing practices. Additionally, his team needs to be aware that Premier Li Qiang and Xi do n’t want the yuan to fall significantly below current levels.

However, slow economic growth and low consumer prices are also urging more financial aid. Particularly when international challenges are getting worse, as evidenced by the highest&nbsp, US yields, in nearly 20 years, among other indicators.

China’s economy experienced new signs of weakness in December as stock task remained subdued. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index for the country fell from 49.4 in November, the third consecutive month of recession and the biggest drop in six times. Data indicate that stress on China’s services industry is also getting worse.

All of this points to the need for more signal in the short term, placing pressure on Pan’s PBOC.

In his annual New Year speech on Sunday, Xi insisted that China’s market had” sustained the speed of treatment.” However, talk of a significant new macroeconomic paying jolt was absent. &nbsp,

While acknowledging that” some companies had a tough time, some people had problems finding work and meeting basic needs” in the face of “headwinds,” Xi made it clear that long-term economic stability continues to be the top priority.

According to Xi,” we may continue to act in accordance with the principles of establishing the new before abolishing the ancient, promoting stability through headway, and seeking development while maintaining balance.”

Investors may be encouraged by Xi’s intentional phrasing if he uses this five-year term, his third, to accelerate reforms to increase innovation and productivity. &nbsp,

Xi, for instance, emphasized how scientific developments were boosting China’s “manufacturing skill” in lithium batteries, solar photovoltaic cells, and electric vehicles.

Notably, Xi vowed to “double efforts to advance science and technology, build talents, and boost education.” New levels are being scaled with tenacious resolve, and new works and improvements are emerging every day, as Xi put it.

The decline in island China is also echoing throughout Asia. As best markets almost everyday experienced sharp gains in 2023, Hong Kong stocks lost approximately US$ 523 billion in market value. &nbsp,

In 2023, the MSCI World Index increased by 22 %. Hong Kong companies, on the other hand, dropped for the second year out of the previous six. As local require declined, the S&amp, P Global Taiwan Manufacturing PMI decreased from 48.3 in November to 47.1 in December.

Due to all of this, the central banks will be responsible for any efforts to address China’s slowing growth without escalating its disparities. Anyone can speculate as to how Pan threads these numerous needles or whether the PBOC also you. &nbsp,

Kazuo Ueda, the government of the Bank of Japan, is having trouble endingQE. Image: Screengrab / Online

The BOJ of Ueda, which is under intense pressure to leave QE, may become compared in a similar way. Profit-hungry banks are sick of eking out meager profits in a culture with negative interest rates.

However, a recession in Japan’s local economy is quite possible to have ended 2023. In the months of July and September, growth decreased 2.9 % quarter over quarter. Since then, there has n’t been much evidence that the fourth quarter was any stronger.

According to scholar Marcel Thieliant of Capital Economics, even though the third-quarter GDP decline “was only a blip,” we” also assume GDP growth to slow down quickly” this year.

This makes it extremely difficult for Ueda to transition away from its 24 years of zero interest rates, 22 years ‘ worth of QE, and an eight-year period of negative yield policies. It is obvious that high prices gives Team Ueda enough weapons to start “tapering.”

Core inflation is currently higher than 3 %, excluding fresh food and energy. We plainly see pretty resilient upward pressures in support prices, according to ING Bank economist Min Joo Kang.” It’s correct that cost-push inflation tends to be short-lived and could be transitory.

Japan Inc. may not be prepared for financial alcoholism, though. Banks, businesses, local governments, pension and healthcare resources, universities, assets, the postal savings method, and the growing number of seniors will all suffer significant losses if Japanese government yields increase to 2 % or even 3 %.

This “mutually assured death” active had previously prevented almost anyone from selling loan. Tokyo will have more trouble paying off the largest debt load in the developed world, which is currently at about 265 % of GDP, the higher provides go.

These contradictory factors raise concerns about the size of the currency’s most recent increases. According to researcher Ipek Ozkardeskaya at Swissquote Bandank,” The market’s place regarding the yen may n’t be clearer.” The most obvious industry in the forex markets right now is the long Japanese yen. It is almost to simple.

possibly incorrect. Before retiring in April to&nbsp, Haruhiko Kuroda, Ueda’s father, had a number of opportunities, pivot away from QE, or simply telephone that an leave might be in the cards. He did n’t. &nbsp,

To be sure, Kuroda prepared for a change in December 2022 by allowing yields to increase by as much as 0.5 %. International markets became chaotic as a result, prompting Kuroda’s staff to rush to acquire debt and signal that BOJ policy had not changed.

That was an error. Kuroda had plenty of opportunity to signal QE was finished over the course of the following several months as he prepared to leave BOJ office. &nbsp,

Markets were ready for a great statement, and the Tokyo creation was reluctantly preparing for one. Kuroda, who had spent the previous ten years elevating QE to new heights, also had enough political clout to start reversing his extreme asset hoarding.

Ueda has witnessed economic conditions deteriorate in the 269 weeks since taking the stick. The widely anticipated post-Covid boom&nbsp in China did n’t occur, the Fed kept tightening, and the Japanese GDP started to decline. Ueda’s ability to leave QE is constrained by all of this.

Ueda consistently confused bet for major BOJ action, with the exception of a few minor adjustments to allow 10-year yields to major 1 %. Local trends today make it extremely challenging for Ueda to tighten its financial straps. &nbsp,

According to Commonwealth Bank of Australia analyst Joseph Capurso, wage growth is “remains poor and weakening.” ” We anticipate that the dollar-yen’s upward momentum will pick back up later this year.”

Jerome Powell, US Federal Reserve Chair Photo: Xinhua

The BOJ’s decision-making process is influenced by what the Fed does in Washington. According to Marc Chandler, main market strategist at Bannockburn Global Forex,” the question is when and how quickly Fed price reductions may be delivered.” &nbsp,

The swing of market sentiment has significantly shifted from the “higher for longer” mantra of the majority of last year to pricing in extreme easing, according to him, as a result of moderated price pressures and weaker growth impulses. &nbsp,

However, how Beijing and Tokyo control 2024 will continue to be the main topic of discussion in central banks circles. Additionally, neither the PBOC nor BOJ are currently aware of any surprises that may be in store for them in the coming 12 weeks.

William Pesek can be reached at @WilliamPesak on X, previously Twitter.

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‘No cabinet reshuffle for Paetongtarn’

DPM says Pheu Thai chief must wait.

'No cabinet reshuffle for Paetongtarn'
On October 27, 2023, a public assembly was held at the Pheu Thai Party’s headquarters, where Paetongtarn Shinawatra was chosen as the new leader. Somchai Poomlard ( picture )

Media reports that a government change may occur this year to make room for Pheu Thai head Paetongtarn Shinawatra to be included in the line-up were dismissed by Deputy Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai on Tuesday.

The Pheu Thai former claimed that none of the rumors about Ms. Paetongtarn’s social job that had been spread before the general election of last year were accurate. He insisted that the government is not already being reshuffled by the government.

The alliance partners are exerting every effort to the best of their abilities. Only from the internet have I heard anything about a cabinet reshuffle. There are absolutely no symptoms. It’s coming from strangers who might not be aware of the circumstances, he claimed.

When asked why rumors about Ms. Paetongtarn’s future in the case continue, Mr. Phumtham responded that the media should be the best informed. He added that it is too early to discuss this and that she is currently concentrating on her position as the Pheu Thai head.

The function of our party is based on the three-pronged strategy– the celebration, the House, and the government. She is acting as the leader of the group. Each has a specific duty and duty. Talking about” a government position” is premature, he said.

As several of the administration’s policies, including Sor Por Kor 4-01 land upgrades, drug destruction, and debt relief measures, are being implemented, Mr. Phumtham claims that Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin has asked government ministers to showcase their work.

He stated that after the government spent the previous three months resolving old issues and establishing recommendations for new guidelines and projects, the consumer can then anticipate beginning to see the results of its work.

When asked about the likelihood of Ms. Paetongtarn being appointed a minister, Bhumjaithai Party leader and deputy prime minister Anutin Charnvirakul said on Tuesday andnbsp that he should n’t discuss Pheu Thai’s internal affairs.

However, she is the party’s president. When party members can serve as ministers, why ca n’t the party leader? Without going into more detail, he said,” She may even be more than that.

Varawut Silpa-archa, the head of the Chartthaipattana Party and minister for social development and human security, claimed that Ms. Paetongtarn is qualified to hold a government position because she is the party’s leader.

Mr. Varawut added that while he is not opposed to a significant shake-up, any adjustments must first be approved by all state parties.

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Japan’s economic balancing act teeters toward a fall

The Japanese economy in 2023 had two distinct features. Macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP and employment, were broadly in good shape. But economic trends that are unsustainable kept worsening, raising concerns about Japan’s future economic stability.

Japan’s real GDP growth in 2023 was slightly above 1% – modest, but not bad given potential growth estimated at below 1%. The output gap – the difference between actual and potential output – is closing, the unemployment rate, which ticked up during the Covid-19 crisis, has fallen and the national jobs-to-applications ratio is well over 1.

Consumer price inflation is currently around 3%, exceeding the Bank of Japan’s (BoJ) 2% target. Corporate profits are buoyant, share prices have reached a post-bubble high and inbound tourism has recovered to pre-Covid-19 levels, benefiting industries hit hard by the pandemic.

Despite these positives, most of the Japanese populace is unhappy. The source of their discontent is that, although nominal wages are rising, the pace at which they are rising is slower than that of inflation. This has eroded real wagesundermined consumption and cast doubt over the continuation of modest economic growth.

The wage–price gap has affected macroeconomic policy decisions. Although the BoJ took several steps to marginally relax its yield curve control, it refrained from normalizing extremely loose monetary policy. This decision is grounded in the absence of the so-called virtuous cycle of wage and price increases. 

In November 2023, the government introduced a fiscal package aimed at “completely overcoming deflation.” The odd reference to “deflation” reflected the notion that unless wages rise to meet or supersede inflation, the economy is seen as not free from deflation.

Whether these policies are appropriate, given the unsustainable trends in the economy, is questionable. The Japanese yen’s exchange rate has weakened substantially since 2021, making an already “cheap Japan” even cheaper and lowering US dollar-valued GDP

Although it is difficult to pin down the equilibrium exchange rate, it is clear that the current exchange rate is way out of line and requires a major correction. The weak yen is the result of large interest rate differentials between Japan and other advanced economies. It is up to the BoJ to reduce the exchange rate misalignment.

The BoJ has good reason to start normalizing policy since consumer price inflation is already above its target. Although wages are still lagging, monetary policy is not a tool for raising “real” wages, which are determined by real factors, such as labor productivity and labor market conditions. 

It is misdirected to continue super loose monetary policy on account of slow wage growth, as if by doing so the BoJ could somehow bring about higher real wages.

The government’s November 2023 policy package contained measures that could contribute to higher productivity. The third and fourth pillars of the package, aimed at stimulating domestic investment and digitization, are consistent with sustainable real wage growth. 

These pillars are also consistent with the New Form of Capitalism initiative that Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida put forth in June 2022.

Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s ‘new capitalism’ aimed to appease the public about inflation. Image: Twitter Screengrab

The package, however, focused more on Kishida’s need to appease the public by offering quick relief from the impact of inflation. The first pillar included a continuation of stop-gap fuel subsidies and an across-the-board income tax cut. 

The second pillar contained a variety of subsidies to encourage wage increases. These measures did little to improve the economy’s supply-side performance, meaning that any relief that households and workers get from the package will not last long.

No doubt to Kishida’s disappointment, the tax cut drew fire from all quarters as being ad hoc and untargeted. More importantly, much of the package ran counter to another unsustainable aspect of Japan’s economy – the high and rising public debt and deficits.

Japan’s public debt-to-GDP ratio has been high for decades without inducing any crisis. The BoJ has absorbed a staggering amount of government bonds and bills, leaving little room for private investors to sell them. 

Although interest rates have risen somewhat, they are still lower than the nominal GDP growth rate, making the debt dynamics benign. In this context, there may be no need to worry about a fiscal crisis.

The likelihood of a fiscal crisis depends on whether inflation remains moderate. Manageable inflation would allow the BoJ to limit the extent of its policy normalization. 

Once the BoJ’s support is lost, the government’s funding cost could rise substantially, creating a vicious debt dynamic. Wage increases in coming years, which both the BoJ and the government hope for, could be a counter-blessing in disguise. If they accelerate inflation, the BoJ would be compelled to take strong action, squeezing precarious public finances.

The BoJ has long characterized wage increases that match or surpass price increases as “virtuous.” They would indeed be virtuous if improvements came from the economy’s supply side. Yet if the Japanese public is hoping that it can get something virtuous from the BoJ’s inaction or the government’s subpar action, they are likely to be disappointed.

Masahiko Takeda is Senior Fellow in the Australia–Japan Research Centre at the Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.

This article was originally published by East Asia Forum and is republished under a Creative Commons license.

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Bangladesh: The election that has turned into a one-woman show

Bangladesh prime minister Sheikh Hasina speaks at a rallyGetty Images

Bangladesh is holding general elections on 7 January – the result already looks inevitable.

With the main opposition parties boycotting the poll and many of their leaders jailed, the ruling Awami League is all set to be re-elected for a fourth straight parliamentary term.

The biggest of these opposition parties, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), and its allies say they have no faith that Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina will hold a free and fair election.

They called on her to step down and allow the polls to be held under a neutral interim government – a demand she rejected. So the candidates on the ballot will all be from the Awami League, its allies or independents.

“Democracy is dead in Bangladesh. What we are going to see in January is a fake election,” Abdul Moyeen Khan, a senior BNP leader, told the BBC.

He echoes wider concerns that Sheikh Hasina has grown increasingly autocratic over the years. Critics question why the international community is not doing more to hold her administration to account.

Her government flatly rejects accusations it is undemocratic.

“Elections are determined by the participation of the people to vote. There are many political parties, apart from the BNP taking part in this election,” Law Minister Anisul Huq told the BBC.

The cost of growth

Bangladesh under Ms Hasina presents a contrasting picture. The Muslim-majority nation, once one of the world’s poorest, has achieved credible economic success under her leadership since 2009.

It’s now one of the fastest-growing economies in the region, even surpassing its giant neighbour India. Its per capita income has tripled in the last decade and the World Bank estimates that more than 25 million people have been lifted out of poverty in the last 20 years.

Election banners in the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka

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Using the country’s own funds, loans and development assistance, Ms Hasina’s government has undertaken huge infrastructure projects, including the flagship $2.9bn Padma bridge across the Ganges. The bridge alone is expected to increase GDP by 1.23%.

But in the wake of the pandemic, Bangladesh has been struggling with the escalating cost of living. Inflation was around 9.5% in November.

Its foreign exchange reserves have dropped from a record $48bn (£38bn) in August 2021 to around $20bn now – not enough for three months of imports. Its foreign debt has also doubled since 2016.

Critics say economic success has come at the cost of democracy and human rights, and allege that Ms Hasina’s rule has been marked by repressive authoritarian measures against her political opponents, detractors and the media.

In August more than 170 global figures including former US president Barack Obama, Virgin Group founder Richard Branson and U2 lead singer Bono, wrote an open letter to Ms Hasina urging her to stop the “continuous judicial harassment” of Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus.

And in recent months, many senior BNP leaders have been arrested, along with thousands of supporters following anti-government protests.

Mr Khan – one of the few senior leaders of the BNP not under arrest – alleges that more than 20,000 party supporters have been arrested on “fictitious and concocted charges”, while cases have been filed against millions of party activists.

The government denies this.

“I have checked and it’s half that number,” says Mr Huq, referring to the number of its supporters the BNP alleges are in detention. “Some of the cases go back to violent incidents that took place during the 2001 and 2014 elections.”

Members Of The Gono Odhikar Parishad Held A Demonstration With Banner During On The Second Day Of 48-hours Nationwide Blockade In Dhaka, Bangladesh, On November 27, 2023

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However, the statistics show politically-motivated arrests, disappearances, killings and other abuses rising under Ms Hasina. Human Rights Watch recently called the arrests of opposition supporters a “violent autocratic crackdown” by the government.

It’s a remarkable turnaround for a leader who once fought for multi-party democracy.

In the 1980s Sheikh Hasina joined hands with other opposition leaders, including her bitter rival Begum Khaleda Zia, to hold pro-democracy street protests during the rule of General Hussain Muhammed Ershad.

The eldest daughter of the country’s founding leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Ms Hasina was first elected to power in a multi-party election in 1996. She then lost the 2001 poll to the BNP led by Khaleda Zia.

The two women are locally described as the “battling Begums”. Begum refers to a Muslim woman of high rank.

With Begum Zia now effectively under house arrest on corruption charges and facing health complications, the BNP lacks dynamic leadership on the ground.

This has been compounded by the systematic arrest and conviction of opposition leaders and supporters. Many argue that this has been deliberately done by the Awami League to cripple the BNP ahead of the poll.

Many supporters of the BNP, like Syed Mia, have gone into hiding to escape persecution. The 28-year-old, whose name we have changed to protect his identity, spent a month in jail in September for participating in a political protest.

Mr Mia currently lives in a tent with three of his party colleagues in a forest area. They are all wanted in connection with arson and violence offences they are accused of committing during a rally.

“We have been in hiding for over a month and we keep changing our hideouts. All the charges against us are false,” Mr Mia told the BBC.

The worsening human rights situation has caused concern among international agencies.

“The current scenario looks like a broad-based or even an indiscriminate approach to round up thousands of opposition party workers often in relation to the same incident,” Rory Mungoven, Asia-Pacific chief at the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva, told the BBC.

“It seems a much broader suppression of the opposition rather than a targeted response to any violence.”

Protesters hold placards expressing their opinion during the demonstration. Bangladesh Garment workers gathered to demand an increase in the minimum wage.

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A group of UN special rapporteurs also expressed alarm in November. “The weaponisation of the judicial system to attack journalists, human rights defenders and civil society leaders diminishes the independence of the judiciary and erodes fundamental human rights,” they said.

But Law Minister Huq says the government has nothing to do with the courts: “The judiciary is absolutely independent in the country.”

It’s not just the staggeringly high number of arrests and convictions that worry rights groups. They also say they have documented hundreds of cases of enforced disappearances and extra-judicial killings by security forces since 2009.

The government flatly denies claims that it’s behind such abuses – but it also severely restricts visits to foreign journalists who want to investigate such allegations. Most local journalists have stopped looking into cases like these, fearing for their safety.

The number of extra-judicial killings has dropped significantly since 2021 when the US imposed sanctions on the Rapid Action Battalion, a notorious para-military force, and seven of its current and former officers.

But the limited sanctions by the US have not improved the overall human rights situation in Bangladesh. That’s why some politicians are calling for tougher action by Western nations.

A diplomatic balancing act

“The European Commission should hold Bangladesh accountable on the democratic situation. It should consider withdrawing tariff-free access given to products from Bangladesh” said Karen Melchior, a member of the European Parliament.

Bangladesh is the world’s second-largest garment exporter after China. Last year it shipped more than $45bn worth of ready-to-wear garments, mostly to Europe and the US.

The question many ask is why Western nations, which have such enormous economic clout, allow Sheikh Hasina to act with impunity while systematically dismantling democratic institutions.

The elephant in the room is neighbouring India, which opposes any coercive action against Bangladesh. Delhi wants road and river transport access for its seven north-eastern states through Bangladesh.

Sheikh Hasina (left) with Narendra Modi on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Delhi

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India is also concerned about the “chicken’s neck”, a 20km (12-mile) land corridor that runs between Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan, linking its north-eastern states to the rest of India. Officials in Delhi are afraid it is strategically vulnerable in any potential conflict with India’s rival, China.

Soon after coming to power in 2009, Ms Hasina also won favour with Delhi after acting against ethnic insurgent groups in India’s north-east, some which were operating along the border.

There are concerns that any excessive arm twisting could push Dhaka towards China. Beijing is already keen to extend its footprint in Bangladesh as it battles for regional supremacy with India.

For now, Ms Hasina appears to have a clear path to power. But challenges to her authority may soon appear from other quarters.

Dhaka has already asked the International Monetary Fund for a loan of $4.7bn to avert any balance of payment crisis. So it’s likely the government will have to take some tough measures after the elections to help boost the economy.

Her opponents may not be standing, but public fallout from austerity policies could pose an early challenge to Ms Hasina and her Awami League.

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Thais return to Israel, despite risks

Thais return to Israel, despite risks
A worker digs ground on a farm in Israel. Many Thais are returning to work in the agricultural sector there even though the Israel-Hamas war is intensified.

Many Thai labourers have returned to work in the farmlands of Israel for financial reasons in the past month despite Israel’s intensified conflict with the Palestinian militant group Hamas.

“On average, I can earn about 600 baht for about two hours of work in Israel. To get that amount in Thailand, I would need to work for a full day. I may even earn less,” Satid Prom-u-narot, 37, told the Bangkok Post.

He was among the first group of Thais repatriated by the government after the Oct 7 attack by Hamas on the Middle Eastern country, which left hundreds dead or taken hostage.

His camp was attacked by militants. Fortunately, all 19 Thai workers there were safe. Concerned about his safety, he decided to return home to Nong Khai on Oct 12 after working in Israel for nearly two years.

However, after a week-long stay at home, he said there was nothing he could do in Thailand to earn the amount of money he received in Israel.

“I have mechanical skills, so I earn a living by working odd jobs like installing air-conditioning, electrical wires and CCTV systems,” he said. “But I cannot save a lot of money for my family.

“I will go to Israel to complete my five-year contract.”

Lack of good offers

Labour Ministry figures show the country brought in about 30,000 Thais to work in Israel under the Thailand-Israel Cooperation on the Placement of Workers programmes before the war broke out.

Most hailed from the northern and the northeastern regions of Thailand. They included ethnic minorities living in Chiang Rai and farmers and workers from Udon Thani, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nong Bua Lamphu, Sakhon Nakon, Buri Ram, Khon Kaen and Nong Khai.

About 95% worked in the agricultural sector in Israel. After the war began, the government repatriated 9,475 Thais, while about 20,000 decided to stay.

The ministry offered each repatriated worker 15,000 baht from its fund and 50,000 baht from an emergency fund for aid. The government also offered low-interest loans of up to 150,000 baht via Government Savings Bank and the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives to help workers clear any debts owed to job brokers or even it pursue other careers.

However, Mr Satid said he doesn’t want to be in debt again. He had only just cleared a 200,000-baht debt with his relatives. “I can clear a 200,000-baht debt in just six months by working in Israel,” he said. “I even saved some money to send back to my parents and 14-year-old son.”

Mr Satid said he earned about 60,000 baht per month, or up to 90,000 baht with overtime. He said he had one day off per week.

“My employer is kind. He is a retiree. He sometimes brought me and my colleagues to dine in a fancy restaurant as a thank-you gift when his farm had a good yield,” he said.

“Our boss also understands us. He will let us take a break during Thai holidays, such as Songkran and Thai Mother’s Day and Father’s Day.”

He said when his employer contacted him and asked if he wanted to return to the farm, Mr Satid said he did not hesitate to say yes. Even a friend who had already found another job in Taiwan wanted to quit to fly to Israel with him, he said.

According to the Labour Ministry, the Israeli Foreign Workers Administration is offering Thai workers with contracts the chance to return without having to apply for re-entry. They just need to inform authorised recruitment agencies, it said.

“I’m glad for the call. I cannot wait to return to Israel to work. I want to complete my contract and save money for my family,” he said.

Financial motivation

A 43-year-old woman from Buri Ram told the Bangkok Post that she was among 20,000 Thai workers who decided to stay and work in Israel when the conflict erupted.

“I work in a safe zone. My employer also gave us an extra 1,000 shekels, or about 10,000 baht, each as an incentive to not leave the job and fly back to Thailand,” she said.

If many workers left the country, a shortage of pickers and farm caretakers would result, she said. Those fruit and vegetables would be left to rot.

About 10 Thai workers who left the country from October to November had since returned to their farm, she said. They also received the same salary and benefits, making returning to Israel more appealing than working in Thailand.

Although Israel plans to solve its labour shortage in the agriculture sector by increasing quotas for foreign workers from Sri Lanka, Moldova, Kenya and Malawi, Thai labourers believe that Israeli farmers prefer Thai workers because of their farming skills, she said. They know how to plan and take care of fruit and vegetables as well, she said.

“On average, our contracts last five years and three months. Our employer is happy to welcome Thai workers back,” she said. “We learned that Thai workers remain their first choice for the agriculture sector.”

Scam warning

A Thai worker from a northern province who spoke to the Bangkok Post said her friends have come across fraudulent job offers on social media while browsing to work abroad.

The advertisements promised well-paying jobs in Israel, and the scammers acted like a recruitment agency, she said. They targeted those who had never worked in Israel and used the labour shortage situation to lure newcomers.

“There is no such thing as a recruitment agency that will connect you to an employer in Israel,” she said. “Every year, there is a quota for overseas workers, including those from Thailand, to work in low-skill sectors, including agriculture and construction.

“Do not believe in any recruitment agencies on social media offering jobs in Israel,” she said, adding those who want to work in Israel should wait for an announcement from the Employment Office in their province.

Open to opportunities

Samran Thuratham, a 41-year-old man from Udon Thani, said he had no money coming in after returning from Israel at the end of October. He said he kept thinking about flying back to Israel.

“I worked on a farm in Israel for four years. Although I didn’t want to fly back to Thailand, my family was concerned about my safety, and urged me to leave the country,” he said.

“My employer did not want me to leave because it was the beginning of a harvest season but he understood my family’s concern,” he said.

While living in Udon Thani for a month, he said he realised he would have a better future in Israel. He said he called a colleague at the farm to check on the safety situation.

“Unfortunately, my employer had found a replacement for me. He is not Thai, but from another country. I hope that one day I will receive a call from my boss telling me to go back to work on his farm,” he added.

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Four charges laid in tollway killing case

Police have pressed four charges against a police officer who allegedly shot dead a 30-year-old businessman who hired him as a driver on an expressway in Wang Thonglang district late on Friday night. Pol Col Jessada Yangnok, commander of Wang Thong Lang police station, said investigators yesterday sent Pol Lt Narongwat Thachata, former deputy inspector of Hua Mak station, to be remanded in custody at the Criminal Court, the start of his 12-day detention period.

Pol Lt Narongwat is charged with premeditated murder, shooting a firearm in a public area, carrying a gun and owning a gun without permission.

The Criminal Court approved his detention and the investigation is now being expanded.

Police have objected to Pol Lt Narongwat’s bail request due to the gravity of the alleged offence and say he poses a flight risk.

The 25-year-old was arrested in the Don Muang area on Saturday after allegedly shooting Krit Saruwaranon to death on Chalong Rat Expressway above Pradit Manutham Road on Friday. He was suspended from duty.

Krit ran a property business and law firm. Pol Lt Narongwat was hired by Krit as his driver and a security guard for five months prior to the shooting.

It was reported the police officer told Krit he needed to moonlight to make extra money and clear his debt.

Pol Lt Narongwat allegedly told investigators Krit had gone back on his word to help him pay off his debt of 2 million baht and secure him a promotion in the force. He admitted threatening Krit many times, but the victim refused to transfer money to him, which led to the murder.

After shooting Krit and leaving his body on the expressway, the suspect took the van they were travelling in to Soi Rang Nam where he abandoned it and called a taxi to drop him off at a rented room in Don Muang district, according to the investigation.

An expressway employee at the scene said the suspect and Krit were quarrelling beside the van parked near a wall of the expressway. Pol Lt Narongwat shot Krit five times, killing him.

The man sustained fatal wounds to his forehead, right hand, right arm and right leg. The police found 50,000 baht in cash and other valuables. Five cartridges were also collected. A source said Pol Lt Narongwat cried and was visibly stressed throughout his detention last night. No family members met him at the station.

The suspect declined to answer any questions from reporters. He said he was sorry for what he did. According to Pol Col Jessada, the suspect admitted to the crime. He said he demanded 20 million baht from Krit as he knew Krit had 100 million baht in savings.

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Officer charged over tollway shooting

Police have pressed four charges against a police officer who allegedly shot dead a 30-year-old businessman who hired him as a driver on an expressway in Wang Thonglang district late on Friday night.

Pol Col Jessada Yangnok, commander of Wang Thong Lang police station, said investigators on Sunday sent Pol Lt Narongwat Thachata, former deputy inspector of Hua Mak station, to be remanded in custody at the Criminal Court, the start of his 12-day detention period.

Pol Lt Narongwat is charged with premeditated murder, shooting a firearm in a public area, carrying a gun and owning a gun without permission.

The Criminal Court approved his detention and the investigation is now being expanded.

Police have objected to Pol Lt Narongwat’s bail request due to the gravity of the alleged offence and say he poses a flight risk.

The 25-year-old was arrested in the Don Muang area on Saturday after allegedly shooting Krit Saruwaranon to death on Chalong Rat Expressway above Pradit Manutham Road on Friday. He was suspended from duty.

Krit ran a property business and law firm. Pol Lt Narongwat was hired by Krit as his driver and a security guard for five months prior to the shooting.

It was reported the police officer told Krit he needed to moonlight to make extra money and clear his debt.

Pol Lt Narongwat allegedly told investigators Krit had gone back on his word to help him pay off his debt of 2 million baht and secure him a promotion in the force. He admitted threatening Krit many times, but the victim refused to transfer money to him, which led to the murder.

After shooting Krit and leaving his body on the expressway, the suspect took the van they were travelling in to Soi Rang Nam where he abandoned it and called a taxi to drop him off at a rented room in Don Muang district, according to the investigation.

An expressway employee at the scene said the suspect and Krit were quarrelling beside the van parked near a wall of the expressway. Pol Lt Narongwat shot Krit five times, killing him.

The man sustained fatal wounds to his forehead, right hand, right arm and right leg. The police found 50,000 baht in cash and other valuables. Five cartridges were also collected. A source said Pol Lt Narongwat cried and was visibly stressed throughout his detention. No family members met him at the station.

The suspect declined to answer any questions from reporters. He said he was sorry for what he did. According to Pol Col Jessada, the suspect admitted to the crime. He said he demanded 20 million baht from Krit as he knew Krit had 100 million baht in savings.

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