Singapore upgrades 2024 economic growth forecast to around 3.5%
SINGAPORE: Singapore on Friday ( Nov 22 ) upgraded its economic growth forecast for 2024 to around 3.5 per cent, above the range of its previous prediction.
In August, the , Ministry of Trade and Industry ( MTI ) narrowed the gross domestic product ( GDP ) growth forecast to 2 per cent to 3 per cent.
MTI upgraded the projection after taking into account the “better-than-expected performance” of the Singapore economy in the first three rooms of the year, as well as the latest international and local conditions.  ,
GDP growth for the first three quarters of the year was 3.8 % higher than that of the previous month.
Next time, the government is expecting Singapore’s GDP growth to occur in between 1 per share and 3 per share.
MTI even revised the third-quarter GDP numbers to 5.4 per cent, away from the , advanced estimates , of 4.1 per share.
This is also higher than , the 3 per cent rise recorded in the second quarter, which was also revised forward from 2.9 per share.
On a quarter-on-quarter seasonally adjusted base, Singapore’s market grew by 3.2 per share, accelerating from the 0.5 per cent rise in the previous quarter.
2024: A Global Economic Outlook
On balance, Singapore’s total additional demand perspective is expected to remain adaptable for the rest of 2024, said the government.
These should help rise in Singapore’s production sector as well as outward-focused services sectors like the retail trade sector, according to MTI, in conjunction with the continuous recovery in global electronics demand.
On the other hand, the outlook for tourism-related and consumer-facing areas such as the hotel, wholesale trade and meal &, drink services sectors has weakened given the slower-than-expected treatment in international visitor arrivals and weak holiday spending.
Q3 DRIVERS GROWTH Vehicles
Manufacturing, retail trade and financing and insurance boosted GDP growth in the fourth quarter, MTI said. These industries were bolstered in part by the global technology sector’s recovery.
In particular, manufacturing saw an increase of 11 % in the third quarter of last year. In the second quarter of this year, it decreased by 1 %.
The sector’s various clusters increased, but the technology field experienced strong growth, led by the demand for smartphones and PC semiconductor chips.
On a quarter-on-quarter seasonally adjusted basis, the business grew 13.5 per share, a turnaround from the 1.1 per cent downturn in the second quarter.
Deep Dive Podcast: Does the vet industry need greater oversight?
If you’re very sick and you do n’t have money, definitely you will be able to get treatment somewhere- it is illegal not to give you any treatment, right? And if you can pay for it, you can go for ( more expensive ) treatment.  ,
Steven Chia, network:  ,
But people will argue with you and say,” These are people versus animals, they are not the same” . ,
Angeline:
As a society, we have to decide, do we treat ( animals ) like family or commodity?  ,
Crispina Robert, network:  ,
Recalling the rising prices, we learned that centres were being repurchased by private equity firms. Thus, Mars, a chocolate manufacturer, owns Mount Pleasant Hospital and the Animal Incident and Specialty Hospital. If the large kids are in the photo, they are going to prioritise income, right? Would that be a concern?  ,
Steven:
But they could also reduce costs (using scale )?  ,
Diana Chee, chairman at AVS:  ,
Let me leap in these. I believe that most clinics offer a special rate to those who attend shelters or ( community ) cat feeders.  ,
So those who are rescuing wildlife would likely receive a specialized rate from unique clinics.  ,
Russia gives North Korea a million barrels of oil, report finds
According to satellite imagery study from the UK-based Open Resource Centre, a non-profit research organization, Russia is thought to have supplied North Korea with more than a million barrels of oil since March this year.
Leading authorities and UK Foreign Secretary, David Lammy, have told the BBC that the fuel is pay for the arms and personnel China has sent Moscow to bolster its conflict in Ukraine.
In an effort to suppress North Korea’s business and stop it from developing nuclear weapons, these exchanges violate UN sanctions, which prohibit countries from selling oil to the country in small amounts.
More than a hundred different North Vietnamese oil tankers have departed from an oil terminal in Russia’s Far East in full 43 days in the last eight months, according to the satellite images, which were exclusive to the BBC.
More photographs, taken of the ships at sea, appear to show the containers arriving bare, and leaving nearly complete.
North Korea is the only country in the world not allowed to buy oil on the open market. The number of barrels of refined petroleum it can receive is capped by the United Nations at 500,000 annually, well below the amount it needs.
Russia’s foreign government did not respond to our request for comment.
Seven months after it was first revealed that Pyongyang was sending Moscow arms, the Open Source Centre documented the second oil move in a new record on March 7, 2024.
The shipments have continued as thousands of North Korean troops are reported to have been sent to Russia to fight, with the last one recorded on 5 November.
According to Joe Byrne from the Open Source Center,” Russia is silently providing North Korea with a backbone of its own,” while Kim Jong Un is giving Vladimir Putin a lifeline to keep his battle.
” North Korea enjoys a degree of stability that it has n’t had since these sanctions were put in place,” says the statement.
Four former UN panel people who were in charge of monitoring the sanctions against North Korea have confirmed to the BBC that Moscow and Pyongyang’s relationships are growing.
” These payments are fuelling Putin’s combat equipment – this is fuel for weapons, fuel for artillery and then oil for men”, says Hugh Griffiths, who led the board from 2014 to 2019.
Russia has become extremely dependent on North Korea for troops and weapons in exchange for oil, according to UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy in a speech to the BBC.
He added that this was “having a strong impact on security in the Asian coast, Europe and Indo-Pacific”.
Easy and affordable crude offer
While most people in North Korea rely on fuel for their everyday lives, oil is necessary for running the region’s defense. To manage munitions factories, fuel Pyongyang’s elite’s cars, and transport missile launchers and troops all over the nation, using diesel and gasoline.
The 500,000 barrels North Korea is allowed to receive fall far short of the nine million it consumes – meaning that since the cap was introduced in 2017, the country has been forced to buy oil illicitly from criminal networks to make up this deficit.
This involves transferring the crude between ships out at sea – a dangerous, expensive and time-consuming company, according to Dr Get Myong-hyun, a senior research fellow at South Korea’s Institute for National Security Strategy, which is linked to the government’s detective agency.
” Then Kim Jong Un is getting oil immediately, it’s good better value, and chances are he’s getting it for free, as quid pro quo for supplying weapons. What could possibly be superior to that”?
A million barrels is not something a large oil producer like Russia should release, but it is a sizable sum for North Korea, Dr. Go goes on to say.
Tracking the’ silent’ transfers
The North Korean-flagged tankers arrived at Russia’s Vostochny Port with their trackers off, concealing their movements, in all 43 of the journeys the Open Source Centre has tracked using satellite images.
They then made their way back to one of the four ports on the east and west coast of North Korea, according to the images.
” The vessels appear silently, almost every week”, says Joe Byrne, the researcher from the Open Source Centre. ” Since March there’s been a fairly constant flow”.
The team used their knowledge of each ship’s capacity to figure out how many oil barrels they could carry, which has been tracking these tankers since the oil sanctions were first implemented.
Then they studied images of the ships entering and leaving Vostochny and, in most instances, could see how low they sat in the water and, therefore, how full they were.
The tankers, they assess, were loaded to 90 % of their capacity.
According to Mr. Byrne,” we can see from some of the images that if the ships were any fuller they would sink.”
Based on this, they calculate that, since March, Russia has given North Korea more than a million barrels of oil – more than double the annual cap, and around ten times the amount Moscow officially gave Pyongyang in 2023.
This follows an assessment by the US government in May that Moscow had already supplied more than 500,000 barrels’ worth of oil.
Because of cloud cover, researchers are unable to consistently capture a clear image of the port.
” The whole of August was cloudy, so we were n’t able to document a single trip”, Mr Byrne says, leading his team to believe that one million barrels is a “baseline” figure.
A’ new level of contempt’ for sanctions
More than half of the journeys tracked by the Open Source Centre were made by vessels that have been specifically sanctioned by the UN, which is in addition to the UN sanctions against North Korea that Russia, as a permanent member of the Security Council, signed off on.
They therefore ought to have been searched for before entering Russian waters.
But in March 2024, three weeks after the first oil transfer was documented, Russia disbanded the UN panel responsible for monitoring sanctions violations, by using its veto at the UN Security Council.
Ashley Hess, who was working on the panel up until its collapse, says they saw evidence the transfers had started.
” We were tracking some of the ships and companies involved, but our work was stopped, possibly after they had already breached the 500, 000-barrel cap”.
Eric Penton-Voak, who led the group from 2021-2023, says the Russian members on the panel tried to censor its work.
” Now the panel is gone, they can simply ignore the rules”, he adds. A new level of contempt for these sanctions is demonstrated by Russia’s recent encouragement of these ships to travel to its ports and load up with oil.
But Mr Penton-Voak, who is on the board of the Open Source Centre, thinks the problem runs much deeper.
These autocratic regimes are now increasingly collaborating to achieve what they want while disregarding the wishes of the international community.
This is an “increasingly dangerous” playbook, he argues.
” A North Korean tactical nuclear weapon, for instance, is something you do n’t want,” says one author.
Oil the tip of the iceberg?
Concerns are growing over what else Kim Jong Un will receive as Vladimir Putin’s war grows in importance.
The US and South Korea estimate Pyongyang has now sent Moscow 16,000 shipping containers filled with artillery shells and rockets, while remnants of exploded North Korean ballistic missiles have been recovered on the battlefield in Ukraine.
In addition, a recent defense pact between Putin and Kim was signed, which led to the sending of thousands of North Korean troops to the Russian Kursk region, where intelligence reports indicate they are now at war.
The South Korean government has promised to” sternly respond to the Russian and North Korean regime’s violations of the UN Security Council resolutions.”
The Russian-operated spy satellites and ballistic missiles program’s biggest concern is that Moscow will provide Pyongyang with the latest technology.
Last month, Seoul’s defence minister, Kim Yong-hyun, stated there was a “high chance” North Korea was asking for such help.
A million barrels of oil is simply not enough money, according to Dr. Go, “if you’re sending your people to die in a foreign war.”
Andrei Lankov, an expert in North Korea-Russia relations at Seoul’s Kookmin University, agrees.
” I used to think it was not in Russia’s interest to share military technology, but perhaps its calculus has changed. The Russians need these troops, and this gives the North Koreans more leverage”.
Josh Cheetham provided additional reporting in London.
Singapore registers Asia-Pacific’s biggest spike in identity fraud, driven by deepfake surge
SINGAPORE: Singapore registered the highest year-on-year increase in identity scam among countries in the Asia-Pacific region , in 2024, according to a study.
According to the most recent Identity Fraud Report from verification and monitoring platform Sumsub, which was released on Tuesday ( Nov 19 ), the number of these cases increased by 207 percent from 2023.
This was considerably higher than the region’s overall boost of 121 percent.
Thailand and Indonesia followed closely behind with boosts of 206 per share and 201 per cent respectively.
Among the top five identification fraud varieties globally are the use of false documents such as fake IDs and passports,” chargebacks” where customers dispute genuine transactions to get refunds, scam networks where organised groups use many accounts for criminal activities, accounts takeovers, and deepfakes.
The document was based on data from over 3 million scams efforts across different sectors, said Sumsub.
It also conducted a study in August this year of over 200 scams and danger experts, more than 1, 000 end-users in areas like banking, bitcoin, obligations and e-commerce, and consumers from 18 countries.
GLOBAL RISE IN DEEPFAKES
Sumsub’s review found a four-fold increase in the number of deepfakes worldwide, accounting for seven per cent of all fraud attempts.
Deepfakes refer to controlled photographs, videos or tones used to mimic people.
In Asia-Pacific, Singapore came in shared next with Cambodia for an increase in algorithmic assaults, with a surge of 240 per share.
The highest improve was in South Korea, which was 735 percent.
Deepfakes are a hot topic in the area, with 85 % of respondents worried about their potential influence on elections, according to the document.
In Singapore, the next general election had been held by November next month.
Indonesia is revving up its ambition to have a national car. Can a weapons firm deliver?
A Story OF Missed Enterprises
Not just Mr. Prabowo has a vision for creating a regional vehicle manufacturer as Indonesia’s leader.  ,
Indonesia’s first president Sukarno, for instance, established PT Industri Mobil Indonesia in 1962 with the goal of producing Indonesia’s second national vehicles.  ,
But, Indonesia experienced common civil unrest before production started in 1965, which resulted in the shooting of more than 500 000 Indonesian Communist Party sympathisers and people.  ,
Under Suharto, who in the 1990s offered revenue exemptions for vehicles that were completely regionally produced, attempts to create a national auto were revived.  ,
The decision was criticized both domestically and internationally because it turned out that Indonesian vehicle manufacturers had been rebranded as common models created by foreign companies.  ,
Indonesia attempted numerous times to make a national auto after Suharto left in 1998. Most prototypes were abandoned at this point.  ,
According to Mr. Bebin Djuana, an expert in the automotive industry, there has been very much help for Indonesian businesses developing their own cars since Suharto.
” These businesses need the president’s support. They are done for if these businesses are told to live in fear of stiff competition from more well-known models, according to Mr. Bebin, a resigned auto business professional who has written numerous books about Indonesia’s auto industry.
He claimed that other nations have been fast-tracking enable release and certification and providing regional players with everything from fiscal incentives and better access to loans and incentives. Before effectively developing their nation’s automobile industry, they also created demand for the goods.  ,
Malaysia, for example, provided RM13.9 billion ( US$ 3.1 billion ) in research and development grants, stimulus packages and tax incentives to Proton since its establishment between 1983 and 2017.  ,
Proton was able to create new models for less money than its rivals, who had to pay import taxes for parts or completely assembled models shipped from abroad.  ,
 ,  ,
” Some nations grant first-time vehicle owners significant grants if they purchase localized brands. Some governments purchase local businesses ‘ vehicles and use them as standard vehicles and operational vehicles, according to Mr. Bebin.
In Indonesia, where leaders frequently concentrate on their own policies rather than pursuing the legacy of their predecessors, these federal incentives continue to exist through plan changes.  ,
These nations continue to support them consistently, especially in the crucial beginning stages of these local businesses. Without ( consistency ) these companies would collapse and they would have to start from scratch”, Mr Bebin said.
After Malaysian sovereign wealth fund Khazanah Nasional sold its Proton interest to company DRB-HICOM for RM1.2 billion in 2012, the Indonesian government continued to offer grants and tax bonuses.  ,
However, the gains came to an end after Zhejiang Geely Automobile Holdings, a Chinese company, sold its 49.9 % stake in the company in 2017.  ,
Pindad will likely receive the same level of help from the Indonesian state, according to Dr. Tauhid of INDEF.
” As a state-owned company, it will have the full support of the government in terms of regulatory protection ( from competition ) and various incentives. He added that it will be able to obtain low-interest funding from state-owned lenders under the government’s approval.  ,
” Pindad stands out from other privately held companies that attempted to create their own car brands.”
What kind of financial assistance Indonesia does offer Pindad, which can only produce a small number of vehicles per month, in order to become a well-known car brand, is still a mystery.  ,
” Pindad needs to have a long-term technique to support its growth,” the authorities said. So far, we have n’t seen such a strategy”, Dr Tauhid said.  ,
‘Climate finance’ saddles Pacific island nations with more debt – Asia Times
Pacific scholars are urging world leaders to enhance the climate finance spread system to support people living in small island nations as the UN climate summit approaches its last stage of negotiations.
The most extensive study on climate change in the Pacific was presented to the Conference of the Parties ( COP29 ) last week. People with lived experience are amplified by the Pacific Ocean Climate Crisis Assessment ( POCCA ). It compiles case studies and data on the climate impacts isle nations are now addressing and how to apply regional adaptation strategies.
According to the report, climate finance has been integrated into global economic models that adhere to growth aid’s designs.
The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, as well as other major international financial institutions, will now serve as “accepted” entities for dispersing funds, adding product components, and making clear entry difficult for Pacific countries.
Loading the receiving nations with the highest bill
By the time money gets to people on the ground, about 72 % of it is in the form of loans. Personal contractors hired by developed nations to create climate-resilient facilities are the true beneficiaries.
What might have started out as a kind of donation ended up inflating the debts of the recipient nations in the Global South, particularly those in the Pacific.
Recent studies indicate that vulnerable island nations are currently losing US$ 141 billion annually due to extreme weather. By 2030, it is predicted that this will reach$ 1 trillion annually.
At COP29, climate finance is a crucial dialogue place, with the aim of boosting the contributions of the rich.
The Dubai climate conference last year agreed to establish a fresh fund to pay damages and costs incurred by natural disasters brought on by climate change. A group of small, developing nations spearheaded this political work, and it is crucial that this fund fills the latest climate finance gap.
However, there is only one factor that can close the gap between the resources already available and the required funds. To ensure that money is distributed in a way that people who already experience routine climate impacts are benefitted, we may also change the distribution method.
Indigenous information and regional adaptation
Additionally, our report makes use of a variety of climate-adapted methods, including relocating homes and settlements that are already in use by Pacific peoples.
Pacific peoples have much developed sophisticated adaptive abilities as the ancestors of the great navigators and coastal settlers who ruled the nation’s largest ocean for millennia. They have been adapting to change in the most environmentally friendly and compact techniques for centuries despite having roots in some of the world’s smallest and most difficult locations.
This includes southern protections from sea level rise and shore erosion as well as standard building methods that make more accommodating homes that are easier to restore.
The majority of Pacific Island version techniques are based on indigenous knowledge and skills that have been passed down through generations. For instance, the government in France has started funding the country’s version of risk prevention by constructing raised homes with floors 1.5 meters above ground level.
The Pacific Islands have also made an increasing effort to use ecosystem-based strategies that advance both populations and communities. Indigenous knowledge in Fiji has enabled the identification of indigenous vegetation that is suitable for reducing coastal erosion and flooding.
Relocating is a last-minute solution for adaptation. Two Fiji group transfer case studies are included in the report, which highlight the value of including all social groups in preparing to promote positive outcomes.
Changing the tale
Pacific peoples have developed social and ecological resilience systems that allow them to recover fast from disturbance because they are intrinsically linked to the ocean.
However, climate change has a significant impact on many Pacific residents. But the regular tale of vulnerability is difficult. It contradicts the very notion of native and aboriginal firm and resilience in the Pacific.
We must consider what is happening on the ground because climate impacts are complex, especially when using science-based models and the natural uncertainties to guide regional adaptation decisions.
To maintain a balance between top-down and ground-up methods to adaptation and endurance, the report recommends enabling channels that combine traditional knowledge with modern scientific methods and state decision-making tools.
On islands prone to drought, wave, and tropical cyclones have Pacific Island communities usually resided. With limited tools, they had to live on islands.
Over millennia, Pacific individuals developed native information, including social concepts and social structures, to live in these circumstances. Given existential threats and challenges, especially those facing reef island communities, we need to bring on climate-related aboriginal knowledge and practices.
In contrast to narratives of risk, legacy of endurance are key to successful weather version.
Steven Ratuva is chairman of the Macmillan Brown Center for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury.
The Conversation has republished this post under a Creative Commons license. Read the original post.
Govt to build new bridge to Cambodia
At a cost of about 15 million baht, the state is funding the construction of a bridge that may connect Chanthaburi and Pailin territory in Cambodia.
Interior Minister Anutin Charnvirakul said the gate would promote cross-border industry and commerce between the two nations after inspecting the page of the novel bridge yesterday at the Ban Pakkad border station in Pong Nam Rong area.
He was joined by his Vietnamese rival, Sar Sokha, at the page. The gate, which will be known as the new Chanthaburi-Pailin Friendship Bridge, will change the momentary steel bridge that already links the regions.
The practical bridge will be about 40 feet long, with a three-metre-wide sidewalk on each part of the automotive lane.
The construction of the gate, which costs about 15 million baht, is anticipated to substantially increase business and shipping between Thailand and Cambodia.
Design is set to begin next month, Mr Anutin said.
The job may promote business and commerce, according to Mr. Anutin, who is also a deputy prime minister, and will encourage economic growth on both sides of the border.
Thai and Vietnamese officials are currently working on a document Memorandum of Understanding ( MoU) for the task, which is scheduled to be approved soon by the Thai cabinet.
The gate will be constructed using money from the main resources, and Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra has previously endorsed the idea in theory.
There are three nearby crossing points for boundary trade and two major gates at Ban Laem and Ban Pakkad in Chanthaburi.
In the 2024 fiscal year, the overall value of cross-border deal in Chanthaburi came to 26 billion baht, with Ban Pakkad queue accounting for 6.12 billion ringgit.
Myanmar workers protest at being duped
SAMUT SAKHON: About 100 Myanmar staff protested in front of a stock in the Muang city after paying a group of Thai agents 3 to 7 000 baht each but were denied the positions they were promised.
Authorities met them in the Ekachai Road inventory of the Index Living Mall, located on Ekachai Road in Tambouk Kham.
The employees approached the safety guard at the bank’s entrance door to inquire about employment opportunities, according to Pol Col Somchai Khokha, director of Khok Kham police station. Two young women who allegedly claimed to get work agents were called by the security guard, who said there were jobs available for them.
They charged a fee of 3, 000 to 7, 000 ringgit per individual. Some folks made payments in cash, while others transferred funds to the recipients ‘ accounts and presented a receipt to confirm the funds move. All of the Myanmar’s workers were supposedly instructed to begin working on November 20 by the false agents.
Some Myanmar employees informed their buddies about the positions available. Apparently, about 100 of them officially indicated interest in applying through the broker.
On Wednesday night, the staff were denied entry to the business. One of the fictitious officials informed them that working day transition would be their work. This upset some of the Myanmar staff, who asked for their wealth to be returned.
The group gathered in front of the firm on Wednesday night after the young woman, who claimed to be a agent, agreed to return the money to them after she disappeared without a trace.
When the activists ‘ managers learned that Index Interfurn was not hiring any workers, they convened a meeting with one of them. Because creation has ceased, the inventory employs just 10 people. Online sales organizations can use the service as a distribution center.
The firm supervisor confirmed that the two women were not the firm’s employees and that they were not brokers in response to their claims that they were.
Officers, according to Pol Col. Somchai, may search for the defendants, including the security watch. They will be charged with fraud, he added.
Lone dugong spotted in Trang survey
The Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation ( DNP ) believes that one dugong was discovered in a seagrass meadow in Trang, which is known for having dugong sightings, which raises questions about the species ‘ survival.
Between November 13 and November 19, Hat Chao Mai National Park soldiers and officers from the DNP’s Marine National Operation Center 3 conducted the survey.
The grass meadow that runs from Yong Lam Beach to Koh Muk was the subject of the week-long survey, but only one dugong was seen during that time. The place, the statement noted, was originally known for habitat sightings.
The team also provided sarai phom pang algae and other edible seagrasses for the dugongs as seagrass cover in the area has drastically decreased, but only one of these was released throughout the week.
The group speculated that the orangutans may have moved there to seek food in the area.
More habitat deaths have been reported over the past two decades, with the number rising from one per month to three to four deaths per month, according to Asst. Prof. Thon Thamrongnawasawat, lieutenant dean of Kasetsart University’s University of Fisheries.
This month only, five dead alligators were found off the beach of Krabi, Phuket and Trang.
Local fishermen have also been negatively impacted by the loss of grass in the area’s cover, as well as the disappearance of significant catch in seagrass meadows.
Cash handout plan is ‘probably illegal’
A former election commissioner noted that the government’s plan to distribute the money to 4 million elderly Thais during Chinese New Year, which falls a few days before the provincial administrative organizations’ ( PAO ) chiefs ‘ elections, poses a risk of breaking the law.
The government is trying to make it clear that all people over the age of 60 may be deemed vulnerable because they lack revenue and require care, according to Somchai Srisutthiyakorn’s Facebook post on Thursday.
He claimed that the corporation is using this generalized claim as a pretext to distribute the funds without running the risk of being accused of using the$ 40 billion budget to influence local elections.
The election will take place on February 1st, so handouts are expected to remain distributed by January 29.
Mr. Somchai claimed that he was certain that someone would file a petition to have the government impeached for breaking Section 9 of the State Fiscal and Financial Disciplines Act BE 2561 ( 2018 ), specifically the section that reads:
The Council of Ministers is required to not conduct state affairs in a manner that concentrates on promoting social recognition, which will ultimately harm the regional economy and the general public.
Former Democrat Party deputy president and former PAO main Niphon Bunyamanee claimed that the cash donations would not be as likely to stimulate the economy as they were claimed.
” The system is just an ad for the government to get more popularity”, he said.
” This will benefit candidates from the government party [ Pheu Thai] or those close to it. Competents do not have the same amount of assets as they do, he said, citing the close proximity of the planned flyer to the votes.
He said the government should focus on sustainable economic policies, promoting investment to make performance, work, and revenue for the people, especially investment in skills tied to modern technology and AI.
The future flyer, according to former lawmaker Somchai Sawangkarn, had probably violate other laws, including the State Fiscal and Financial Disciplines Act Get 2561.