Technology (Page 86)

The two largest populations in the world, China and India, are in competition with one another by creating their own 1, 000-qubit quantum computers, a task that IBM of the United States will complete this time. & nbsp,

India is a newbie when it comes to producing classical computers, compared to China.

The Indian National Quantum Mission( NQM ), which aims to deliver intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50 – 1, 000 physical qubits by 2031, received funding approval from the US in April of this year. & nbsp,

A joint Indo-US Quantum Coordination Mechanism was established by the US and India in June to promote cooperation between business, education, and government organizations as well as the two nations’ efforts to develop a detailed Quantium Information Science and Technology agreement.

However, a 7-qubit classical machine is still being developed in India by the Defense Research and Development Organization, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, and tata Consultancy Services. & nbsp,

The 66-qubit Zuchongzhi 2, which is still the fastest quantum machine in China, was introduced back in May 2021 by Chinese professor Pan Jianwei and his group at the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei. & nbsp,

Hefei-based quantum machine manufacturer Origin Quantum vowed to surpass the 1, 000-qubit indicate by 2025 in September of the same year. Yet, it has had trouble launching its 72-qubit quantum machine Wukong, which is named after the Monkey King in Chinese mythology, so far this year. Just 24 packets are used in its most recent product, Benyuan Wuyunan, which was released in 2021.

” Wukong’s research and production are still going well for the time being. According to Zhang Hui, public director of Origin Quantum, who recently spoke with the Hefei Daily, it will be formally launched by the end of this year. ” After that, we’ll keep working on building quantum computers with frequencies greater than 72 qubits.”

According to Zhang, Origin Quantum was founded in 2017 with the goal of turning China’s technological advancements into useful goods. He claimed that the business had spent three years attempting to self-supply every component of its materials.

He omitted to go into detail about the challenges the business has encountered during the development of Wukong.

Zhang announced that the business may introduce Wukong by the end of 2022 in September of last year. He stated that the release did take place in July this year in June. However, the business missed both schedule. & nbsp,

US censorship

In order to stop the Chinese government from using these products, especially in the production of hypersonic rockets and artificial intelligence tracking systems, the Biden state outlawed exports of high-end semiconductors, chip-making machinery, quantum computers, and supercomputers to China last October. & nbsp,

US President Joe Biden signed an executive order in August of this year prohibiting US companies and money from investing in China’s silicon, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing industries starting in 2024. & nbsp,

Given that Origin Quantum has not received any unusual funding, it is unlikely that it will be impacted by US investment restrictions. Additionally, the business contracted Nexchip Semiconductor Corp., which is owned by the Hefei government at 52.99 % and Taiwan’s Powerchip Technology at 27.44 %, to produce its superconducing chips. The US trade restrictions and punishment shouldn’t have an impact on the production. & nbsp,

Wukong should be released by Origin Quantum as soon as possible, according to Chinese observers.

According to a Shanxi-based author in an content,” Classical cards have much stronger processing power than traditional transistors.” We can lessen our reliance on high-end printing and self-sustain ourselves once the technology for classical chips is mature.

According to him, this development may include proper implications for the chip industry’s global supply chain. He claims that the Mate60 Pro from Huawei’s successful launch has already demonstrated that China is unafraid of modern and containment from other nations. & nbsp,

In the meantime, Origin Quantum is creating uses for its classical computers.

Vice President of Origin Quantum Dou Meng announced to the internet on Tuesday that the company would look into using its quantum computers to analyze health information.

According to Dou,” Classical technology has an edge in handling graphics.” ” We used our self-developed algorithm to handle tumor patients’ photos provided by Anhua’s Bengbu Medical College and effectively reduced the consumption of traditional processing power to explore the programs in health information analysis.”

India is catching up.

The 433-qubit Osprey, the country’s fastest quantum machine to date, was introduced by IBM in November. The 1, 121-qubit Condor was scheduled to be introduced by the tech behemoth this year.

A quantum system can have more than 50 scientific or functional qubits, according to some engineering experts, which is enough to perform various calculations and generate business value. & nbsp,

In order to help professional and business markets with top, like-minded classical nations, the US announced on June 22 that it welcomes India’s contribution in the Quantum Entanglement Exchange and the classical Economic Development Consortium.

Biden and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced at a meeting on September 8 that they would advance scientific cooperation in fields like quantum computing, biology, and place inquiry. In addition, & nbsp,

According to a Ganzu-based columnist, India’s NQM, which covers quantum computing as well as particle communication, classical perception, surveying, and classical materials and devices, may not be able to use the US$ 730 million in revenue.

He claims that China is far behind India in terms of its classical communication research, which will consume a sizable portion of the funding. & nbsp,

Read: The US is also far behind China’s fastest particle computer.

At & nbsp, @ jeffpao3 is Jeff Pao’s Twitter account.

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In response to growing concerns that it is lagging behind China and Russia, the US is developing a new form of shape-shifting fast engine, an innovation that may indicate reversal in how it approaches and develops hyper-onic weapons.

The University of Central Florida( UCF) is developing a morphing fast engine that can change form while in flight, according to The Debrief this month.

According to The Debrief, the engine may be more effective than existing fast engine designs, which may result in the development of aircraft that can move at speeds between 5 and 17 times faster than sound.

The US Naval Research Laboratory provided funding to the school research team to create a morphing fast engine to address some of the biggest problems with high-speed air travel, according to report.

Scramjets, which may take in air at hypersonic speeds and use it in the fire cycle to produce very high speeds, are now the most widely used engines for hyperneous flight. It does, however, point out that many of these scramjets lack performance and efficiency.

According to The Debrief, the UCF team has responded by creating an” aerothermodynamic” model for a morphing scramjet engine that is currently undergoing experimental testing.

According to the same news report, a morphing fast engine may make it possible to travel from New York to Los Angeles in 30 minutes, with long-term applications such as high-performance military vehicles, quick emergency alert responses, and fast business travel.

The US fast weapons system has encountered a number of significant roadblocks, one of which is engine performance. This has raised worries that the US has already been surpassed by China and Russia, two of its near-peer competitors.

The US Army has announced that it won’t accomplish its four-year-old target of deploying a fast weapons in the final two months of this month, according to Bloomberg.

According to Bloomberg, this is the second year in a row that the Pentagon will miss the scheduled launch date for its first functional fast weapon.

According to the review, the US Army has asked for$ 944 million for ongoing fast research and development and$ 157 million to buy equipment for the fiscal year 2024.

By requiring the proper integration of numerous subsystems, extremely complex designs, like the two-stage Air-launched Rapid Response Weapon ( ARRW ), which the US Air Force has since abandoned, may become needlessly complicated. This strategy increases the possibility of possible failure points and necessitates additional design validation tests.

Despite these setbacks, the US is working diligently to develop fast engines with its allies and investigate additional hyperspectral uses.

An American company called Hypersonix has asserted that it can 3D-print a fast website within three days, according to an Asia Times review from April 2022. The US may be able to produce its fast weapons at a faster rate thanks to this technology.

Senior US officials received a presentation of the Hypersonix scramjet website next month. Special alloys that are resistant to high temperatures, high pressure, rust, and oxidation can be used to 3D print the engine. However, Australia does not easily have the large temperature-resistant composites required, necessitating an urgent need for their domestic production and development.

Hypersonix’s motor has a fixed mathematics and no likely malfunctioning moving parts, in contrast to more intricate US designs. When compared to rockets, the scramjet website absorbs ambient air and weighs 60 % less.

In addition to working with Australia to create a new kind of fast engine, the US is also looking into how it can be used on advanced aircraft.

For instance, the US Department of Defense( DOD ) chose Hypersonix to develop a high-speed aircraft to test hypersonic technologies, according to an Asia Times report from March 2023. The US and Australia had previously announced plans to create spherical aircraft.

In order to reduce the burden on government testing facilities, the aircraft will support America’s Hypersonic and High – Cadence Airborne Testing Capabilities ( HyCAT ) program. The HyCAT represents a paradigm shift in hypersonics away from aviation and toward arms.

The DART AE aircraft from Hypersonix travels to Mach 7 using a hydrogen-fueled scramjet website. It conducts tests on high-speed platforms, sensors, and control systems, gathering information for fast spy aircraft. A$ 334 million deal was given to Leidos to create a multi-mission, larger air-breathing fast system.

The US has also started working on a new intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance( ISR ) hypersonic vehicle, which some analysts believe will be the successor to the SR-71 Blackbird spy plane from the Cold War era, according to an Asia Times report from December 2022.

By October 2028, the defined Mayhem system, which includes work at Wright-Patterson Air Base in Ohio and other possible testing sites, is anticipated to give the SR-72 fast system capable of many missions.

According to reports, the aircraft will be propelled by a turbine-based combined cycle( TBCC ) powerplant scheme, enabling it to take off from regular runways and accelerate to the required speed before its scramjets can fire.

A previous Lockheed study that suggested the creation of the SR-72 is already being validated by NASA. Because of its Mach 6 operating speed, the SR-72 does invade foe territories before their air defenses may react. According to the study, the SR-72 was combine engine and ramjet technologies to reach speeds of up to Mach 7.

While there are worries that China and Russia have already surpassed the US in hypersonic missile technology, the United States may be adopting a broader perspective of the developing technologies.

Asia Times has noted that rather than competing in a technical culture with its near-peer rivals, the US is concentrating on developing the capabilities it needs for war.

In spite of Russia’s use of fast arms in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, the issue has not significantly changed as a result of the weapons. This suggests that the effects of hypersonic arms, also known as game-changers, might get exaggerated.

Although the former is more visible, low-cost weapons may achieve the same results as high-end fast ones. The current atmosphere defenses are only partially effective against older, slower sail and nuclear missiles.

If US weapon defenses are now unable to halt a nuclear strike involving hundreds of regular ballistic missiles, it is improbable that an attacker would choose to mount nuclear warheads on pricey fast rockets.

The same reasoning did hold true if the US launched a full-scale nuclear attack on its enemies, which might help to explain why it isn’t interested in matching China and Russia’s hypersonic missile stockpiles and instead seems to be looking for different uses for them.

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Silicon photonics, a technology that combines silicon-based integrated circuits( ICs ) and optical components to process and transmit enormous amounts of data more efficiently, is seeing an increase in investment and an acceleration of competition due to the large language models that enable generative artificial intelligence ( AI ).

NVIDIA, TSMC, Intel, IBM, Cisco Systems, Huawei, NTT, and imec, the Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre with its headquarters in Belgium, are just a few of the best designers and manufacturers of ICs, AI systems and communications technology that have entered the race.

These and other companies have been developing silicon photonics for a long time, some of them( including Intel and NTT ) for almost 20 years.

Douglas Yu, the vice president of TSMC in charge of pathfinding for technique integration, told the Nikkei paper on September 5 that” if we can give a good silicon optics integration structure, we will be able to handle both important issues of energy efficiency and computing power for AI.” This will mark the beginning of a new paradigm change. We might be in the midst of a brand-new time.

Due to its high speed, high-speed data transfer, long transmission range, low power consumption, and applicability to advanced networking, computing architectures, cloud computing, data centers, autonomous vehicles, smart transportation systems, semi( the microelectronics industry association ) noted in its invitation to the Summit that” Silicon Photonics has become a popular buzzword in the semiconductor industry.”

In other words, golden photonics will gain the high-tech sector directly across the cutting edge in a way that will enhance system and system performance while consuming less energy.

The global silicon photonics market, with a compound annual growth rate ( CAGR ) of 25.7 % from its valuation of$ 1.26 billion in 2022, is expected to reach’ a value of US$ 7.86 billion by 2030 ,’ according to semi. ……………………………………

A joint R & amp, D project called COUPE, which stands for Compact Universal Photonic Engine, was introduced by NVIDIA and TSMC in September 2022, according to DigiTimes. The project’s objective is to use silicon photonic ( SiPh ) technology from NVIDIA to combine various AI processors ( GPUs ).

” Source revealed ,” according to DigiTimes,” that SiPh chip and CMOS processes go through co-packaged optics ( CPO ) technology integration, which can connect multiple advanced GPUs with chip-on-wafer – on-substrate ( CoWoS ) 2.5D IC packaging.”

It is possible to produce” an ultra – large GPU set” thanks to the combination of low-latency optical data transfer and cutting-edge package technology, according to DigiTimes.

The fact that ASE Technology, the top Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test ( OSAT ) company in Taiwan, and Advantest, a Japanese company, were both prominent at the Silicon Photonics Global Summit explains why this technology might not be ready” until the SiPh ecosystem matures.”

Following the golden photonics occasion, TSMC announced to the media at the Semicon Taiwan industry show that a lack of CoWoS packaging capacity is likely to limit its ability to provide NVIDIA with AI processors until the end of the following year. The capacity may therefore double by then.

The golden integrated circuits and the silicon laser are two of the most significant 20th-century inventions, according to Intel’s definition of silicon photonics. By utilizing the efficiency of Intel’s high-volume golden production, it enables faster information transfer over longer distances than conventional devices.

The visual interfaces for Ethernet switches, routers, and carry marketing tools, providing connectivity for large-scale cloud and business data centers, are visual transceivers, according to Intel, which combines” the power of optics and the scalability of silicon.”

” Intel manufactures silicon photonics at the largest scale in the world ,” according to SemiAnalysis’ Dylan Patel. They dominate the market for producing visual communication transceivers thanks to Intel’s size and the integrated nature of their solution, which has caused them to have a failure rate that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the competition.

By 2025, Intel intends to triple its capacity for superior Circuit package, including a fresh 3D presentation facility in Malaysia. ” Malaysia will eventually become Intel’s largest production base for 3D chip packaging ,” according to corporate vice president for manufacturing supply chain and operations at Intel, Robin Martin, told Tech Wire Asia in late August.

Intel is introducing the technology to others in addition to increasing its own production of visual transceivers and another silicone photonics products. China’s FAST Photonics Technologies announced plans to produce visual transmitters based on Intel systems in March.

Shenzhen is home to the shop and offices of Fast Photonics. Additionally, it has a sales and technical assistance facility in San Jose, California, close to Intel’s Santa Clara offices.

Japan’s national telecoms provider and provider of telecommunications technologies, NTT, announced plans to produce a number of increasingly sophisticated photonics-electronics convergence devices over the coming years in May 2023.

These innovations should pave the way for a significant decrease in the power consumption of data centers and telecommunications networks because they do away with the need to change signals from visual to electrical and back again.

By 2030, NTT hopes to achieve an increase of 100 times in energy efficiency, a 125-times increase in transmission capacity, and an end-to-end delay( latency ) of 200 times.

The Innovative Optical and Wireless Network Global Forum has been established by NTT, along with Intel and Sony, with the goal of” accelerating the implementation of a new communication system that will bring together an all-photonics network infrastructure including golden photonic, edge technology, and wireless distributed computing.”

Silicon photonics were added by Huawei and IEC to their joint study on visual information website technology in 2014. That came after Huawei purchased Caliopa, a golden photonics visual transceiver developer created by imec and Ghent University, the past year.

However, after Huawei was placed on the Entity List by the US Commerce Department and ASML’s EUV printing system shipments to China were outlawed in 2019, the partnership between Huawei and IEC was terminated. Imec and ASML have a nearby connection.

Huawei has continued to conduct independent study, which is crucial for both its telecoms equipment business and its efforts to avoid US government sanctions. ” Huawei intends to produce a photonic chip in order to circumvent American chip restrictions ,” the statement reads in the video that was posted on YouTube in October 2022.

It continues by stating that nanostructured chips outperform silicon-based ICs, which are almost impossible to produce at process nodes below 2nm. Additionally, the manufacturing process for photon chips is entirely different; it will use brand-new manufacturing technology and won’t even need a lithography machine.

The film concludes by saying that the research in this area is still in its infancy and that monopolies have not yet been established in European and American nations.

This evaluation seems to predict at least ten years in the future. Huawei’s intentions shouldn’t be disregarded, despite the fact that it is positive but realistic and that the 5G Mate 60 Pro smartphone recently debuted with a 7nm cpu in spite of US sanctions.

Huawei is Creating a Secret Network for Cards was the subject of an article published by Bloomberg on August 23. The US Semiconductor Industry Association( SIA) has issued a warning that Huawei has purchased at least two factories and is constructing three more, with funding from the Chinese government totaling$ 30 billion, according to the article.

It would be foolish to assume that Huawei is doing this merely to transfer common semiconductor manufacturing equipment under various names if the report is accurate. China and Huawei have every reason to make significant investments in golden optoelectronics.

@ ScottFo83517667 is the author’s Twitter account.

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