4 men jailed for stealing 100 litres of petrol from Police Coast Guard vessels

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SINGAPORE: Four technicians who were hired to maintain Police Coast Guard (PCG) patrol vessels instead worked together to steal 100 litres of petrol from the craft.

They were sentenced to jail on Wednesday (Feb 14) and ordered to pay compensation for the petrol, which was worth about S$183 (US$136).

Muhammad Khairullah Abdullah, 31, was jailed for five weeks and ordered to pay S$101.65.

Muhammad Shahzwan Hissam, 33, and Muhammad Rizuan Leman, 34, were each jailed for four weeks and ordered to pay S$54.91 each.

Alden Teo Chee Kiat, 32, was jailed for three weeks and ordered to pay S$45.76.

The four Singaporean men pleaded guilty to one count each of stealing the petrol with common intention. With the exception of Teo, all of them had another charge taken into consideration.

The court heard that the four men were service technicians employed by Lungteh Shipbuilding, a company contracted by PCG to carry out maintenance works on patrol craft berthed at PCG’s Lim Chu Kang Regional Base.

They were to clean and service the engines and generators of the PCG craft in a workshop inside the base, and the cleaning process involved the use of a manual pneumatic fluid extractor to extract dirty oil residue from the engines.

The petrol from the PCG craft belonged to PCG and was government property, the prosecution said.

While the men were working on the craft, they realised that they operated on petrol and decided to use the manual pneumatic fluid extractor to siphon the petrol for their own use.

On Jul 3, 2023, the four men reported for work – Teo drove his car while the rest rode their motorcycles.

They used the manual pneumatic fluid extractor to siphon about 40 litres of petrol from the PCG craft.

They stored 30 litres in a jerry can and 10 litres in the manual pneumatic fluid extractor before hiding the stolen petrol in the workshop.

After this, they distributed the stolen petrol among themselves and used it to top up their own vehicles’ fuel tanks.

After this success, the men stole petrol again in the same way on another three occasions in July 2023. The PCG vessels they stole from were active-duty PCG craft.

In early August 2023, the branch manager of their company noticed petrol inside the manual pneumatic fluid extractor and lodged a police report.

The prosecutor noted past convictions for Shahzwan and Khairullah – for voluntarily causing hurt in 2008 and being a member of an unlawful assembly in 2016 respectively.

Deputy Public Prosecutor Suriya Prakash cited the case of Juarimy Mohamed Hashim, where the accused stole PUB manhole covers.

In that case, the court said certain forms of theft are viewed more seriously because of public interest, such as the theft of public property.

“There is similar public interest in the theft of government property since public funds would have been used to purchase the government property,” said the prosecutor.

Mr Prakash said the four men had access to the PCG craft, housed within a police base with restrictions on entry, because they were entrusted to service the craft.

By stealing the petrol while performing servicing, they breached this trust.

However, he noted that the value of the stolen petrol was relatively low.

For theft with common intention, the men could have been jailed for up to three years, fined, or both. As their charges were amalgamated, with several instances of the same offence grouped together in each charge, they could have faced up to double the punishment.

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Ex-CEO loses lawsuit against hawker after failed S0,000 investment in prawn noodle business

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SINGAPORE: They were childhood friends who became business partners in an award-winning prawn noodle shop, but the relationship between the investor and hawker turned sour when the business failed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

It culminated in a court case, with one of them – a former CEO who invested S$350,000 (US$260,000) in the business – suing the other to claw back what he claimed were “loans”.

However, the judge dismissed the claim made by Mr Tan Cheng Soon Don against his hawker friend Mr Teo Aik Hua.

In a judgment made available on Wednesday (Feb 14), District Judge Vince Gui stated that Mr Tan did not produce “a single shred of evidence” to prove his case.

Mr Tan “relied on nothing more than a bare assertion” that the loans were indeed made to Mr Teo, said Judge Gui.

THE CASE

The court heard that Mr Tan and Mr Teo had been childhood friends since their kampung days in Bukit Timah more than 30 years ago.

Mr Tan became CEO and director of Singapore-listed Sin Heng Heavy Machinery.

Mr Teo has been a hawker since the age of 16 and eventually sold his signature prawn noodle dish at Zion Riverside Food Centre, at a stall called Zion Road Big Prawn Noodles, or Fresh Taste Big Prawn Noodle.

The noodles won several accolades, including the Michelin Bib Gourmand in 2018. The Michelin Guide called his dish a “great bowl of noodles” rich in flavour with fresh prawns, chilli and pork rinds.

Judge Gui said this accolade was a “monumental milestone” in Mr Teo’s career, opening doors to all sorts of business opportunities.

An investor reportedly offered S$500,000 for his recipe in 2019. The Select Group, known for its catering business, also offered him a chance to run a stall at “Hawker’s Street” in ION Orchard, with the right to choose a prime spot.

However, Mr Teo was not interested in these opportunities, the judge noted, partly due to his reluctance to work with strangers and fear of being taken advantage of with his little formal education.

Mr Tan, who regularly patronised Mr Teo’s stall, offered to become his business partner to open a restaurant.

Mr Teo did not take up the offer immediately but agreed in June 2020 after hearing that Zion Riverside Food Centre would undergo renovation for a few months.

He estimated that the start-up costs would amount to about S$250,000.

The two men agreed to name the restaurant Zhi Wei Xian @ Zion Road Big Prawn Noodle and set up a company called 2 Bowls in November 2020.

Shareholding in the company was split among Mr Tan, Mr Teo and Mr Teo’s fiancee Lisa Lin at 50 per cent, 30 per cent and 20 per cent respectively.

They agreed that Mr Tan would provide loans to fund the venture, with his loan to be recovered from the company’s profits if it turned profitable. Any excess profits would be split in accordance with the shareholding.

The restaurant opened on South Bridge Road in January 2021.

Mr Teo and Ms Lin managed day-to-day operations. He introduced new dishes such as a cold crab to elevate the restaurant’s standing. He also personally selected wild-caught prawns at Jurong Fishery Port every day after midnight.

Mr Tan disbursed S$250,000 in total into the company’s bank account over about six months.

THE BUSINESS’ DEMISE

When the government tightened COVID-19 measures in 2021, such as restricting dining group sizes, business was affected.

The restaurant closed its doors at one point to cut costs.

As funds were low, Mr Teo and Ms Lin sought more loans from Mr Tan.

Mr Tan later rejected a draft agreement presented to him on Sep 21 that year. According to Mr Teo and Ms Lin, Mr Tan threw the agreement on the table and said angrily that he would not sign it.

Mr Teo then said the restaurant would have to close.

They did so a week later, with Ms Lin sending Mr Tan a letter confirming the closure and other matters.

Mr Tan replied saying he agreed on the condition that Mr Teo transferred S$50,000 into the company’s bank account and the company paid Mr Tan S$50,000.

Ms Lin replied saying that Mr Teo did not agree to bank in S$50,000. She wrote that the understanding had always been that Mr Tan contributed funds to the company while Mr Teo and Ms Lin contributed “goodwill and branding”.

She added that it was Mr Tan who approached Mr Teo to start the business. If Mr Teo was required to put in money, he would not have worked with Mr Tan, said Ms Lin.

He could have worked with “big boys” such as Select Group, who purportedly offered to bear all the financial costs. She added that the company could not pay Mr Tan before the other creditors.

In response, Mr Tan affirmed their respective job scopes and responsibilities – that he was responsible for S$250,000 in “paid up capital contribution”, that Mr Teo was responsible for “food/cooking/strategy and branding” and Ms Lin was responsible for accounting, payments and HR matters.

Mr Tan said it was Mr Teo who asked him for advice, saying someone offered S$300,000 for the prawn noodle recipe.

Mr Tan then said that Mr Teo could consider rebranding the hawker stall and selling it at a better price. Mr Tan said Mr Teo had called him up only after failing to come to terms on a proposed venture with someone else.

Mr Tan argued that a total of S$162,500 from his “loans” of S$350,000 should be repayable to him.

He claimed that Mr Teo was evasive on the stand and had given false evidence, while Ms Lin was not a credible witness.

Mr Teo argued that the loans had been extended to the company alone. He supported this with witnesses and contemporaneous records.

JUDGE’S FINDINGS

Judge Gui found that Mr Tan had not proven his claim.

“His entire closing submissions rests on what he considered would have been a favourable deal for his entering into the venture,” said the judge.

“But the court does not rewrite the agreement to favour one party or another. The court looks at what was the objective understanding at the time the agreement was entered into.”

Judge Gui said Mr Tan, as a director and former CEO of a listed company, ought to have known the significance of not documenting a loan allegedly made to another individual.

Mr Tan’s claims that loans were made to Mr Teo were not backed by any documentary proof, the judge said.

Giving his view on the case, Judge Gui said Mr Tan had invested in the company by way of debt financing. If the restaurant succeeded, Mr Tan’s loans would be repaid by the profits, and he would stand to reap further profits as a 50 per cent shareholder.

“He stepped into the venture with buoyant spirits, confident that the restaurant, backed by a chef with the Michelin Bib Gourmand accolade, would attract the same following as the defendant’s hawker stall did,” said the judge.

“His predictions however did not come to fruition. The restaurant failed to escape the scourge of the COVID-19 pandemic which continued to linger and surge in the ensuing months.”

Judge Gui noted that Mr Tan’s investment of S$350,000 was substantially more than the S$250,000 he expected to commit at the outset.

He said Mr Tan changed tack to recover his losses, first claiming that Mr Teo and Ms Lin were required to contribute financially to the company because of their equity stake, then saying that the money was a loan.

“His claim however was not only unsubstantiated but also contradicted by the evidence,” concluded the judge.

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Better than roses: Chon Buri couples marry on elephants

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Colourful Valentine’s Day ceremony staged at Nong Nooch Tropical Garden

PUBLISHED : 14 Feb 2024 at 16:20

Better than roses: Chon Buri couples marry on elephants
A district official presents a marriage licence to a couple during a Valentine’s Day celebration at Nong Nooch Tropical Garden in Chon Buri on Wednesday. (Photo: Reuters)

CHON BURI – Reflecting Thailand’s long association with the majestic beasts, couples riding elephants wearing traditional dress chose Valentine’s Day to exchange their vows in a mass wedding on Wednesday.

“The ceremony is sacred which makes everyone want to have a wedding atop the elephants,” said one of the brides, 36-year-old Narumon Komgpanoy.

“Elephants are considered household and city companions, as well as a symbol of national prosperity.”

The parade of elephants carrying nine couples marched slowly through the Nong Nooch Tropical Garden in Chon Buri.

With dancers in traditional costumes leading the procession, the couples rode their elephants up to a local district official, also sat on an elephant and oversaw the signing of the marriage licences.

The elephant is the country’s national animal and for a time a white elephant, a symbol of good fortune, was featured on the Thai flag.

“I feel very happy. Actually, today is the day of love, so I feel good about obtaining the marriage licence with my wife,” said one of the grooms, Jirat Somprasung, 36.

Couples ride elephants during the Valentine’s Day celebration at Nong Nooch Tropical Garden in Chon Buri. (Photo: Reuters)

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Largest single-site rooftop solar panel system to be built at Changi Airport

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SINGAPORE: Changi Airport will be home to Singapore’s largest single-site rooftop solar panel system when it is completed in early 2025.

Changi Airport Group (CAG) has appointed Keppel to design, build, own and operate the solar photovoltaic (PV) system for a period of 25 years, CAG and Keppel said on Wednesday (Feb 14).

The system will be built on the rooftop areas of Changi Airport’s terminal buildings, auxiliary structures, airfield and cargo buildings, according to the joint media release.

When completed, the solar PV system will have a combined generation capacity of 43 mega-watt peak (MWp) –  38MWp will be installed on rooftops and the remaining 5MWp installed at a 40,000 sq m turf area within Changi Airport’s airfield outside of aircraft operational areas.

CAG and Keppel said that this will be the first time a solar PV system is installed in the airfield.

Combined, both sites are expected to generate “sufficient solar energy equal to what is needed to power more than 10,000 four-room HDB (Housing and Development Board) flats yearly”.

“With the system, CAG will reduce its carbon emissions by about 20,000 tonnes each year, or about 10 per cent of its consumption in 2019.”

CAG also appointed SolarGY to transform the airport maintenance and storage centre into a greener facility by installing a 640kWp rooftop solar PV system, which will cut the facility’s emissions by around 50 per cent, said Koh Ming Sue, the group’s executive vice president of engineering and development.

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What are the government fees wrongly charged with GST and who’s affected?

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SINGAPORE: Six government agencies had erroneously levied Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 18 fees for regulatory services, ranging from application fees for professional licences to administrative fees for renting out public flats, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) said on Wednesday (Feb 14).

The amount of GST wrongly charged is about S$1.5 million (US$1.1 million) a year, with the “vast majority” being charges of S$5 or less.

MOF said the government will start making refunds, with interest of 5.5 per cent a year, “based on available records” over the past five years.

This means that at least S$7.5 million will be refunded to affected individuals and non-GST registered businesses. GST-registered businesses are not eligible for refunds as they would have previously claimed the GST charges as input tax.

The agencies in question are the Housing and Development Board (HDB), Land Transport Authority (LTA), Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), Singapore Food Agency (SFA), Office of the Public Guardian and the Council for Estate Agencies (CEA).

HDB alone accounted for over 70 per cent of the 200,000 erroneous charges each year.

GST is generally levied on government services such as the use of public sports facilities or the rental fees for hawker stalls. But it should not be charged for services that are regulatory in nature, MOF said.

At the moment, government agencies, like businesses, get to “assess and decide whether or not to impose GST on their fees based on broad principles and guidelines set out by MOF”. In this case, the six agencies had wrongly determined their fees as taxable provisions of services.

This error was uncovered last November during an internal review conducted by MOF.

All six agencies have stopped charging GST on the relevant fees as of Feb 14.

In a press release, the MOF and the six agencies involved apologised for the “erroneous charging” of GST and pledged to make the refund process “as seamless as possible”.

In separate releases, the agencies also provided more details of the regulatory service fees that were wrongly levied with GST and their respective refund processes. Here’s the breakdown:

1. Housing and Development Board

The HDB had wrongly charged GST on two administrative fees – renting out of public flats and the compulsory acquisition of flats due to infringements under the Housing and Development Act.

Flat owners who rent out their flat or spare bedrooms must apply to HDB and pay an administrative fee. Such fees were previously at S$20 and S$10 inclusive of GST. With the announcement on Wednesday, these have been revised to S$18 and S$9, respectively.

Those who have their homes compulsorily acquired by HDB due to law infringements, such as the unauthorised renting out of their flat, also have to pay administrative fees which vary depending on the complexity of each case. In this case, the average GST charged was about S$15.

HDB said it will, starting from mid-March, reach out to around 50,000 households who had paid GST on these fees across 160,000 transactions annually in the last five years, and whose records are available in its system.

These affected households will receive a notification via their Singpass app and a hardcopy letter by Jun 30. They will be asked to provide “some simple details” through a dedicated e-service on HDB’s website, and will receive an email once the refund is made to their bank accounts.

Beyond the five-year period, HDB said it will make “proactive refunds where records are available”.

Those who are not contacted by HDB by end-June can submit a refund request via HDB’s website by Dec 31, 2024. Those who require further assistance can also call its hotline at 1800-866-6812 between 8am and 5pm from Monday to Friday.

“As we expect a high volume of queries during this period, we seek the public’s patience and understanding if a longer time is needed to respond to their queries,” HDB said.

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China’s chip industry is gaining indisputable momentum – Asia Times

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China’s national champions for computer chip – or semiconductor – design and manufacturing, HiSilicon and Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), are making waves in Washington.

SMIC was long considered a laggard. Despite being the recipient of billions of dollars from the Chinese government since its founding in 2000, it remained far from the technological frontier. But that perception — and the self-assurance it gave the US — is changing.

In August 2023, Huawei launched its high-end Huawei Mate 60 smartphone. According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies (an American think tank based in Washington DC), the launch “surprised the US” as the chip powering it showed that Chinese self-sufficiency in HiSilicon’s semiconductor design and SMIC’s manufacturing capabilities were catching up at an alarming pace.

More recent news that Huawei and SMIC are scheming to mass-produce so-called 5-nanometre processor chips in new Shanghai production facilities has only stoked further fears about leaps in their next-generation prowess.

These chips remain a generation behind the current cutting-edge ones, but they show that China’s move to create more advanced chips is well on track, despite US export controls.

The US has long managed to maintain its clear position as the frontrunner in chip design and has ensured it was close allies who were supplying the manufacturing of cutting-edge chips. But now it faces formidable competition from China, whose technological advance carries profound economic, geopolitical and security implications.

For decades, chipmakers have sought to make ever more compact products. Smaller transistors result in lower energy consumption and faster processing speeds, so massively improve the performance of a microchip.

Moore’s Law — the expectation that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles every two years — has remained valid in chips designed in the Netherlands and the US, and manufactured in Korea and Taiwan. Chinese technology has therefore remained years behind. While the world’s frontier has moved to 3-nanometer chips, Huawei’s homemade chip is at 7 nanometers.

Maintaining this distance has been important for economic and security reasons. Semiconductors are the backbone of the modern economy. They are critical to telecommunications, defense and artificial intelligence.

The US push for “made in the USA” semiconductors has to do with this systemic importance. Chip shortages wreak havoc on global production since they power so many of the products that define contemporary life.

Today’s military prowess even directly relies on chips. In fact, according to the Center for Strategic and International Studies, “all major US defense systems and platforms rely on semiconductors.”

The prospect of relying on Chinese-made chips — and the backdoors, Trojan horses and control over supply that would pose — are unacceptable to Washington and its allies.

Stifling China’s chip industry

Since the 1980s, the US has helped establish and maintain a distribution of chip manufacturing that is dominated by South Korea and Taiwan. But the US has recently sought to safeguard its technological supremacy and independence by bolstering its own manufacturing ability.

Through large-scale industrial policy, billions of dollars are being poured into US chip manufacturing facilities, including a multi-billion dollar plant in Arizona.

A large factory under construction on a clear, sunny day.
TSMC, the world’s largest chipmaker, building an advanced semiconductor factory in the US state of Arizona. Photo: Around the World Photos / Shutterstock via The Conversation

The second major tack is exclusion. The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States has subjected numerous investment and acquisition deals to review, ultimately even blocking some in the name of US national security. This includes the high-profile case of Broadcom’s attempt to buy Qualcomm in 2018 due to its China links.

In 2023, the US government issued an executive order inhibiting the export of advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment and technologies to China. By imposing stringent export controls, the US aims to impede China’s access to critical components.

The hypothesis has been that HiSilicon and SMIC would continue to stumble as they attempt self-sufficiency at the frontier. The US government has called on its friends to adopt a unified stance around excluding chip exports to China. Notably, ASML, a leading Dutch designer, has halted shipments of its hi-tech chips to China on account of US policy.

Washington has also limited talent flows to the Chinese semiconductor industry. The regulations to limit the movements of talent are motivated by the observation that even “godfathers” of semiconductor manufacturing in Japan, Korea and Taiwan went on to work for Chinese chipmakers — taking their know-how and connections with them.

This, and the recurring headlines about the need for more semiconductor talent in the US, has fuelled the clampdown on the outflow of American talent.

Finally, the US government has explicitly targeted China’s national champion firms: Huawei and SMIC. It banned the sale and import of equipment from Huawei in 2019 and has imposed sanctions on SMIC since 2020.

What’s at stake?

The “chip war” is about economic and security dominance. Beijing’s ascent to the technological frontier would mean an economic boom for China and bust for the US. And it would have profound security implications.

Economically, China’s emergence as a major semiconductor player could disrupt existing supply chains, reshape the division of labour and distribution of human capital in the global electronics industry.

From a security perspective, China’s rise poses a heightened risk of vulnerabilities in Chinese-made chips being exploited to compromise critical infrastructure or conduct cyber espionage.

Chinese self-sufficiency in semiconductor design and manufacturing would also undermine Taiwan’s “silicon shield.” Taiwan’s status as the leading manufacturer of semiconductors has so far deterred China from using force to attack the island.

China is advancing its semiconductor capabilities. The economic, geopolitical and security implications will be profound and far-reaching. Given the stakes that both superpowers face, what we can be sure about is that Washington will not easily acquiesce, nor will Beijing give up.

Robyn Klingler-Vidra is Associate Dean of Global Engagement and Associate Professor in Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, King’s College London and Steven Hai is Affiliate Fellow, King’s Institute for Artificial Intelligence, King’s College London, King’s College London

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Hindu Mandir: India PM Modi to inaugurate temple in Abu Dhabi

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Construction workers at the site of the BAPS Hindu Mandir temple in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, on Wednesday, Jan. 31, 2024Getty Images

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to inaugurate a grand Hindu temple in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during a two-day visit to the country.

The BAPS Hindu Mandir in Abu Dhabi is built on a 27-acre (11-hectare) plot donated by the UAE government.

India had announced its construction during Mr Modi’s visit to UAE in 2018.

Analysts say the temple will likely boost the government’s Hindu nationalist agenda ahead of the general elections due in two months.

The opening comes weeks after Mr Modi inaugurated a grand temple to Hindu god Ram in the northern Indian city of Ayodhya. It replaces a 16th-Century mosque torn down by Hindu mobs in 1992, sparking riots in which nearly 2,000 people died.

The temple in Abu Dhabi is run by the BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha, which calls itself a “spiritual, volunteer-driven fellowship” aimed at “fostering Hindu values of faith, service and global harmony”.

The organisation, which claims a 200-year-old history, is headquartered in Mr Modi’s home state Gujarat.

While temples have been around in the UAE for decades, this is reportedly the first one to be built using traditional techniques.

Made from pink sandstone from Rajasthan state and white Italian marble, the temple was carved in India and assembled in Dubai.

Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates, meets with Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, during a reception at the Presidential Airport in Abu Dhabi on 13 February 2024.

Reuters

India and UAE are close allies and share $85bn (£67.6bn) in bilateral trade. Indians also make up the largest expatriate group in the country. Hundreds of thousands of Indian Hindus live in Abu Dhabi.

Mr Modi is in the country to participate in the World Governments Summit, a forum of global leaders.

On the first day of his visit on Tuesday, he held bilateral meetings with the UAE president. Indian ministry of external affairs said the two countries signed a bilateral investment treaty and a comprehensive economic partnership agreement.

The agreements are meant to bolster cooperation in the filed of energy security and trade and digital infrastructure development.

Mr Modi also addressed a gathering of the Indian community in Abu Dhabi where he thanked the UAE president for allotting land for the temple.

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Police hunting 2 Scots after business partner slain

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PUBLISHED : 14 Feb 2024 at 14:21

Police hunting 2 Scots after business partner slain
Police and forensic officers inspect the apartment on the 23rd floor of a highrise in Sukhumvit area of Klong Toey district, Bangkok, where a 53-year-old Myanmar businessman was killed. (Screen capture from one31 channel)

Police were tracking down two Scotsmen whose Myanmar business partner was found slain inside a luxury highrise apartment in Bangkok’s Sukhumvit area in the early hours of Wednesday.

The two men were also suspected of fleeing with the equivalent of 5-million-baht of the dead man’s money.

The man’s death was reported to Lumpini police about 1.30am by the victim’s mother, who alleged she was also attacked. Police, forensic officers and rescuers went to the apartment on the 23rd floor of the condomium building on Soi Sukhumvit 4 in Klong Toey district.

They reported finding the body of a Myanmar man, identified later as Kayaw Zeyar aged 53 years, lying on the floor with bloody injuries to his face, ears and head. He was believed to have been savagely punched. No weapons were found at the scene.

Police said a travel bag, some personal belongings, a large safe and a mobile phone were impounded at the scene and taken to Lumpini station for examination.

The victim’s mother told police her son operated a foreign currency exchange business with two Scottish men, identified only as William and John.  On Tuesday night, the three partners had met for a business discussion near Wat Phraya Krai and later returned to the Klong Toey apartment.

The three men had quarrelled and this led to a violent brawl, the woman said. She was also assaulted and knocked unconscious, she told police.

When she came to, she saw her son dead on the floor. She believed the men had argued over a business matter involving a “black chemical”. She also alleged the two attackers made off with currency worth about 5 million baht belonging to her son.

Investigators have began a hunt for the two Scotsmen and were preparing an application for court arrest warrants. The mother’s name was not released, nor were he full names of the two suspects.  

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