On one hand, some believe that separating those living in rental flats from other HDB developments would lead to a gentrification of some areas in Singapore. On the other hand, there are also questions whether housing rental residents together with those who are buying prime location homes could inadvertently backfire.Continue Reading
On why they roost in specific areas in the west of Singapore, Dr Yong suggested that it was because of the proximity to forested areas.
“The birds are able to thrive in secondary woodlands in Singapore, like those you see in the Rail Corridor, Tengah, Kranji and Lentor. They can find food and nesting resources in these areas. And these woodlands are not so different from their open forest habitat in Cambodia or Thailand.”
Their large numbers have posed problems in Choa Chu Kang, where the town council and NParks caught and culled some birds in November last year, as reported by the Straits Times.
In response to CNA’s queries, NParks said it received 79 cases of feedback on parakeets between 2020 and 2022. About half of these were sightings and reports of animals requiring rescue.
As with invasive species, a hike in the number of red-breasted parakeets has implications for the ecosystem.
“Being a non-native species, the red-breasted parakeets may negatively impact native biodiversity when present in large numbers, by competing with our native bird species for food and nesting sites,” said NParks’ group director of wildlife management Ryan Lee.
“They may also indirectly affect native biodiversity through the transmission of exotic diseases and parasites.”
Dr Yong agreed, saying that red-breasted parakeets compete with local species such as hill mynas, long-tailed parakeets, hornbills and common goldenback woodpeckers for tree cavities to nest.
“There’s heavy competition for the nest holes. So many birds need the nest holes but so few bird species build (them).”
Dr Yong cautioned about another non-native parakeet species that appeared to be an “emerging problem”. The monk parakeet, also green in colour, has colonies in Pasir Ris and Changi and is a highly invasive species, he said.
While non-native parakeets may be a threat to local birds, they do not enter human premises to scavenge for food.
“So from a human disturbance point of view … it is not as major an issue as crows and mynas, but from an ecological point of view there are real and tangible problems,” said Dr Yong.
“The (red-breasted) parakeets have reached a level of population that they can never be eradicated. They are established in the Singaporean ecosystem permanently and have spread to nearby areas of Malaysia.”
NParks cautioned the public against releasing animals or pets into the wild. It also said that releasing an animal into a nature reserve or a waterway that flows into or through a nature reserve is an offence.
Business backs party to boost economy
The private sector has expressed support for the Pheu Thai Party to lead the formation of a new government, saying its economic policies will help turn the economy around.
Sanan Angubolkul, chairman of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, told the Bangkok Post that confidence in the economy will receive an immediate boost if Pheu Thai can form a government with their candidate as PM and seven coalition parties in agreement under the MoU they signed.
“Pheu Thai has experience in running the country, with several of its policies having been implemented successfully.
“The party also has the personnel with the capability and expertise to manage the economy,” Mr Sanan said.
“The Thai Chamber of Commerce believes that if Pheu Thai leads the formation of the new government, its economic policies will propel the country forward, particularly those that stimulate growth and reduce inequality,” he said.
The Move Forward Party has said it will be willing to let its coalition partner Pheu Thai have a go at forming the government if its own bid to get its leader Pita Limjaroenrat elected as PM fails.
Mr Sanan also urged the next government to address problems that require immediate action, especially bread-and-butter issues affecting people’s daily lives, as well as assisting small-and-medium-sized entrepreneurs.
The government also should look to reduce living expenses and increase personal income so people have more money to spend, he said.
Furthermore, SMEs need easy access to sources of funding to rebuild their businesses after Covid-19, Mr Sanan said, adding the government should also pursue digital transformation to improve public services and ensure transparency.
The government must also come up with plans to deal with a possible drought due to the El Niño weather phenomenon that could affect the agricultural sector, he said.
“So far, farm produce has risen in price. Global demand for food has also increased, which presents a good opportunity for Thailand,” he said.
The government and the private sector should integrate water management plans to ensure sufficient water supplies for the agricultural and industrial sectors, Mr Sanan said.
He also urged the government to step up disbursement of state funds that remain unspent as quickly as possible and roll out measures to inject cash into the economy to stimulate growth during the latter half of the year.
Charoen Laothamatas, president of the Thai Rice Exporters Association, said the new government should prioritise the agroindustry by improving crop strains and planting methods, instead of just focussing on pricing.
“Several countries have attached importance to tackling global warming. We must ensure the planting methods will not produce methane which contributes to the problem,” he said.
“Thailand must have a clear policy on the environment and global warming, otherwise Thai exports may face trade protectionism from other countries,” he said.
Srettha Thavisin, one of Pheu Thai’s three prime minister candidates, assured that Pheu Thai would deal with economic problems that affect people’s daily life once it becomes the government.
“Pheu Thai will tackle the problem head-on regardless of whether it is the leader of a coalition or part of it. Easing people’s hardship is the overriding priority,” Mr Srettha said.
Pheu Thai’s election pledges included a 10,000-baht “digital money” giveaway in which every Thai aged 16 and older will get a new savings account and a digital wallet connected to his or her ID.
The 10,000-baht giveaway is aimed at stimulating spending in local communities in the first six months, with the help of blockchain technology that will ensure the money is spent within a 4-kilometre radius of the recipients’ registered address in an effort to spur the local economy.
PUBLISHED : 17 Jul 2023 at 04:30
A timely installation of a new government could fend off an imminent rise in diesel oil prices, according to a freight transport association.
Freight transport businesses have voiced their growing concerns with the upcoming plan by the caretaker government to discontinue the 5-baht waiver on the diesel excise tax on Thursday, a measure designed to keep transport and living costs down.
The government said it would not renew the waiver to avoid leaving the financial burden resulting from the policy to its successor.
The Land Transport Federation of Thailand earlier warned that scrapping the waiver would pressure businesses to pass on increasing transport costs to consumers.
Somkid Kingkrodklang, chairman of the federation in the Northeast, said his operators are waiting to see how the diesel price will go up if and when the waiver is lifted.
If the diesel price rises progressively, so will freight costs, he said.
He said the freight operators were already struggling in the face of high diesel prices. The hardship will only worsen if the waiver is no longer there.
Many truck businesses are in a dire strait because freight delivery jobs are few and far between at the current onset of the crop season. Freight transport orders will start coming in once the crops are harvested, which could be months away.
“Our hope is the new government will be in place sooner rather than later.
“The new administration can step in and look closely at how energy prices are structured to make them fairer,” Mr Somkid said.
The longer the uncertainty in selecting a new prime minister in parliament persists, the longer it will take to form a new government, which can pile pressure on freight transport costs, according to him.
He said the base cost of freight transport currently stands at about 500 baht per tonne of freight delivered per trip on average, which is bearable. However, every 1-baht hike in diesel oil price could send the base cost up by an additional 50 baht per tonne.
Arsjad Rasjid, chairman of Asean Business Advisory Council (Asean-BAC) and chairman of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin), has shared his opinions about the electric vehicle industry in which Thailand and Indonesia can work together to establish an efficient and resilient supply chain in Southeast Asia for the global EV industry.
How do you perceive Thailand’s remarkable surge in electric vehicle (EV) registrations and the role of public-private partnerships and government policies in driving this growth, and what lessons can Indonesia draw from Thailand’s success to enhance its own electric vehicle market?
Thailand has reported a surge in EV registrations, with over 32,000 EVs registered in the first five months of this year alone. This is equivalent to a 474.43% rise year-on-year.
In Indonesia, with a population of more than 270 million, we sold just 10,000 EVs in 2022 and predict that sales this year will reach only around 50,000 units.
I believe this is a result of public-private partnerships and supportive government policies, which comprise an 80% tax break that came into effect in November 2021 and will continue until Nov 10, 2025, and subsidies ranging from 70,000 baht to 150,000 baht (US$2,000 to US$4,350) for EVs that meet the required criteria from May 2022.
This enables automakers to narrow the price gap between EVs and traditional vehicles, making EVs more accessible and attractive to consumers. As a result, automakers such as BYD, GWM, SAIC, Hozon, and Tesla have entered the market, offering a more comprehensive range of choices for consumers.
From this, we can see a diverse market where the single most popular model, the top three models made up of BYD ATTO 3, Neta V, and Tesla Model Y, only have a market share of 37.5%, 16.9%, and 10.8% respectively.
The Thai model of EV adoption serves as an excellent example for other countries, including Indonesia.
By studying and adapting certain aspects of Thailand’s approach, we can accelerate the growth of our own EV market.
Considering Thailand’s strong position in the automotive market and its attractiveness to international automakers, particularly for electric vehicles, how do you envision the collaboration between Indonesia and Thailand in the production of EVs and automotive batteries, and what potential benefits can be derived from forming joint ventures and partnerships between Indonesian and Thai companies to strengthen the automotive supply chains in both countries and establish a robust EV industry in Southeast Asia?
We recognise the strategic opportunity and potential of collaboration with the Thai automotive industry. Thailand’s strong position in the automotive market, coupled with Indonesia’s abundant resources such as bauxite (world’s sixth-largest reserves) and nickel (world’s largest producer), presents a perfect opportunity for synergy and mutual benefits.
Thailand is the 11th largest automobile producer in the world and 2nd largest pickup truck producer. Thailand has emerged as the preferred production site for about 2,200 automotive parts and accessories manufacturers as well as international automakers including renowned brands like Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, and GWM, particularly for electric vehicles (EVs).
Arsjad Rasjid, Chairman of ASEAN Business Advisory Council (ASEAN-BAC) and Chairman of Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KADIN)
Additionally, we are seeing significant investments in Thailand including from the state-owned oil company, PTT, which has committed 93.5 billion baht (US$2.6 billion) to prepare for EV production.
In this sense, Indonesia shares a common interest with Thailand in the production of electric vehicles and automotive batteries. Forming joint ventures and partnerships can significantly strengthen both our automotive supply chains. By integrating our resources, technology, and production capabilities, we can establish an efficient and resilient supply chain in Southeast Asia for the global EV industry.
With the integration of Indonesia’s Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (Qris) and Thailand’s PromptPay QR opening up significant opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and tourism businesses, how do you envision this efficient and secure payment solution expanding its reach to a broader consumer base in both countries, and what measures can be taken to further promote the adoption of cashless transactions through the Qris system, fostering increased collaboration and economic activity between Indonesia and Thailand?
The integration of our Qris system with Thailand’s PromptPay QR system opens significant opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and tourism businesses.
As of December 2022, there are 28.7 million Qris merchants and 90% are MSMEs.
Qris offers an efficient and secure payment solution, expanding its reach to a broader consumer base in Thailand and vice versa. Simultaneously, consumers in both countries will enjoy greater accessibility to a wide range of products. The integration of the Qris system with the PromptPay QR system in Thailand is a source of pride for us, as it aligns with our vision of fostering regional economic integration within Asean.
Establishing an Asean-wide QR Code payment system has been one of our legacy projects at Asean-BAC, and this achievement marks a significant step toward that goal.
Early data on Qris transactions between Indonesia and Thailand demonstrates the promising potential for increased collaboration and economic activity. By the end of 2022, Indonesian QR transactions in Thailand had reached an impressive 14,555 times, amounting to approximately Rp8.54 billion (19.76 million baht).
Conversely, Thai QR transactions in Indonesia totalled 492 times, with a value of around Rp114 million (260,000 baht). The difference in transaction volumes and values reflects the varying levels of awareness, adoption, and market penetration of the QR payment system, highlighting the potential for further cooperation to promote the use of cashless transactions.
Thailand just finished its election; what lessons can be learned from the post-election period in Thailand that can be applied to the upcoming election in Indonesia?
The recent post-election period in Thailand offers several lessons that can be applied to the upcoming election in Indonesia. Here are a few key takeaways. We can see a good collaboration between two parties that are actually competitors, namely the Move Forward Party and the Pheu Thai Party. In the end, they formed two important coalitions and won the election. Learning from this, competition and rivalry do exist, but it cannot be denied that behind the competition, there is still an opportunity to stand together and work toward a better future for the nation.
In this regard, Indonesia can also learn from Thailand. “Bertanding untuk Bersanding“, or “compete to collaborate”, becomes the key to the upcoming elections in Indonesia. Ultimately, all the competition is for the benefit of the nation’s future, so we must all work together to build the country.
We can compete and challenge each other in the democratic process, but in the end, we must unite. We must remember that we have the same goal — the welfare of the Indonesian people. That is what is important and what we must hold together. Instead of being in conflict, wouldn’t it be better for us to join hands, stand together to preserve what we already have, and improve what is not yet perfect? Therefore, let’s compete to collaborate.
Phuket is targeting over 14 million international and domestic tourists with tourism-related revenue expected to exceed 200–300 billion baht by the end of this year, according to Phuket Tourist Association (PTA).
Phuket was hit heavily by the Covid-19 pandemic during 2020–2021 but tourists started returning once the Sandbox scheme kicked off in July, 2021.
Speaking to the Bangkok Post about Phuket’s tourism plan for 2023-2024, Rangsiman Kingkaew, deputy president of the PTA, said about 700,000–800,000 tourists came to Phuket monthly before the Covid-19 pandemic started in 2019.
A total of 14 million tourists, including 10 million foreigners, visited Phuket, generating tourist revenue worth up to 440 billion baht, the second largest after Bangkok, he said.
Now tourism on Phuket has improved about 80% [compared to tourist arrivals in 2019] as some 500,000-600,000 tourists are arriving monthly, he said.
“Phuket could make more than 200-300 billion baht from tourism by the end of 2023 with more than 14 million tourists expected,” Mr Rangsiman said.
The number of foreign tourists arriving in Phuket from many countries exceeds the number before Covid-19 hit.
The number of German tourists has grown over 150% compared to the pre-Covid-19 period, Russians 130%, Australians 97% and Kazakhs 3,000%.
Speaking of regular visitors from India, Mr Rangsiman said some Indian airlines have gone bankrupt, resulting in a smaller number of South Asian tourists coming to Phuket.
Kazakhstan was the first country to operate direct flights to Phuket during its Sandbox scheme which allowed international tourists to visit during the pandemic. Now Kazakhs have climbed to one of the top 10 visitors in Phuket by nationality, Mr Rangsiman said.
Muslim visitors from the Middle East are another target. In the future, Phuket might be able to position itself as a Muslim-friendly destination as it is well equipped with services suitable for halal practice.
From November last year to June 16, the three largest groups of international visitors were Russians followed by Chinese, Indians, Australians and Kazakhs.
Roadshow
Mr Rangsiman said Chinese tourists are likely to keep visiting Phuket during the current low season.
Reports said most international tourists take transit flights at airports in Dubai and Singapore where they embark on flights directly to Phuket.
Mr Rangsiman added that if Thailand’s national air-carrier provides more direct flights from international cities to Phuket, the resort island would gain even more visitors.
The association will push strategies to attract both domestic and international visitors to the resort island via a roadshow in Thailand, Asia-Pacific, Europe and the Middle East next year.
First, the PTA hopes to retain Phuket’s regulars from China, Russia, Australia, UK, Germany and other European countries. It will attend the tourism exhibition ITB Berlin, which is the world’s largest tourism trade fair, next March to connect its network with European suppliers.
Apart from the ITB Berlin, the PTA will also hold a roadshow in April in China. Data shows China’s economy has not bounced back from the pandemic, resulting in less international travel among its citizens.
In May, the PTA’s tourism roadshow will travel to Australia, another target group for arrivals during the low season.
Next month, the PTA will visit Russia to promote its tourism roadshow.
Mr Rangsiman said Russian tourists tend to stays for weeks. Some holiday in Phuket for a month to 90 days.
“Russian nationals are granted a 90-day tourist visa to Thailand. Due to the political unrest in their country, many have sought villas in Phuket,” he added.
A family of tourists relax on Karon Beach, the longest beach in Phuket. The resort island expects to welcome 14 million visitors this year. ACHADTHAYA CHUENNIRAN
New targets
The PTA also hopes to attract new target groups. The number of tourists from India, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia and Oman has risen since the pandemic ended.
Direct flights from such countries play a big role in bringing Muslim tourists to Phuket.
Mr Rangsiman said India’s GoAir and IndiGo launched direct flights to Phuket a few years before the Covid-19 pandemic hit and now Indians are one of the largest groups of visitors.
A new flight directly from Saudi Arabia to Phuket might be launched this year. Meanwhile, more flights from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Vietnam also visited the island in May.
Another potential market for the PTA is South African tourists who usually visit Phuket during the low season. Taking advantage of long-haul flights from Africa to Phuket, many South African tourists visit the island and can tend to stay for weeks.
The PTA also will work towards promoting Phuket’s tourism to Thai nationals.
Even though the resort island is known for its international tourists, Thai tourists still make up over 30% of overall visitors by nationality, he said.
Mr Rangsiman said Phuket has welcomed Thai tourists in every season and the island survived the pandemic crisis by receiving attention from locals rather than foreigners.
He added the PTA also will organise its tourism roadshows in major regional provinces such as Bangkok, Udon Thani, Khon Kaen and Songkhla to attract more Thai tourists to travel to Phuket during the low season.
Families must move to make way for high-speed SRT project, writes Supoj Wancharoen
Chao Kerdaree sits on a bench between two rail tracks, facing a row of shanty houses. Soon his family and another 100 more will be forcibly evicted from their Bun Romsai community built along a one-kilometre rail track in Phaya Thai district.
“I’ve lived here for more than 20 years. Our community was established more than five decades ago but when we are told to leave by the landowner (the State Railway of Thailand), we have to go. We don’t have other options,” said Chao, the community leader.
The Bun Romsai community can be accessed via Phetchaburi Soi 5 and is about 800 metres away from Phaya Thai BTS station.
The community is part of an area where the Don Mueang-Suvarnabhumi-U-Tapao high-speed rail route will be built.
The 224-billion-baht high-speed rail project is part of the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) to connect three airports, Don Mueang Airport in Bangkok, Suvarnabhumi Airport in Samut Prakan and U-Tapao Airport in Rayong.
SRT awarded construction of the high-speed rail project in 2019 to the Charoen Pokphand Group-led consortium called AERA1.
The project is expected to boost economic development and create more than 100,000 jobs after it opens in 2029, says the Transport Ministry.
The SRT needs to clear the land for the project. Bun Romsai and the other two communities, or 300 families in total living along the Eastern Line railway, must also move, according to SRT.
Even though people have lived on the land for more than half a century, the Bun Romsai community has never been registered in Bangkok’s system because the community is built on public land.
It is believed the community was started by staff or former staff of the SRT, said Asst Prof Boonlert Visetpricha, a lecturer of Sociology and Anthropology at Thammasat University. They built houses on the vacant land to be close to their workplaces.
When other poor people learned that they too could live in the area, they also built houses there, he said. They were not land encroachers but they were settlers, he said.
“They are low-income earners who struggle to live in the capital. But they play an important role in society as they sell workers low-cost food or snacks.
“Society needs them as one of the gears to keep things running,” he said.
Mr Chao is a motorcycle taxi driver who provides services around the Phaya Thai area.
He settled into the community 20 years ago when he said his family could not afford to rent a room in the capital.
“I built my home here because we could not pay for rent. I used to work in a factory but I’m now a motorcycle taxi driver. My wife has a stall selling grilled pork balls.
“Our combined earnings are 20,000 baht a month. Although it is not much, we can pay for our two sons’ study, one in Matthayom 5 (Grade 11) and the other who has now graduated from vocational school,” he said.
Phob Raksitanont, another resident, said he was born in the nearby Daeng Bu-Nga community before moving to the Bun Romsai community after the landowner in Daeng Bu-Nga sold the land. He is a motorcycle delivery man.
He lives with his wife who has a job as a maid in a nearby office building, his parents and his aunt. The family makes 20,000 baht a month.
When SRT told the 150 families in the Bun Romsai community to leave the land in January 2020, the first reaction among locals was that they did not want to move because they have nowhere else to go.
“We negotiated with the SRT. We even met the SRT’s governor (Nirut Maneephan). He told us he will find a win-win situation,” said Mr Chao.
“But in 2021, some of us received removal warrants from the court,” he said.
After locals protested, Mr Chao said the SRT agreed to work with the Community Organisation Development Institute to build a new community for them and others who need to be relocated.
They will move to a low-cost housing estate in Soi Mo Leng, near the Makkasan Reservoir, which is about 2km away from their community.
The new housing project is expected to start next year and will be completed by 2025.
In the meantime, locals asked the SRT to build temporary shelters for them when their houses are demolished.
For those who do not want to live in the low-cost housing project, the SRT will offer them compensation for their house’s demolition.
Mr Chao said about 200 out of 300 families living in the affected communities including Bun Romsai decided to take the offer while the others decided to stay and wait for their new homes.
“We have lived here for so long and have a stable income here. We have developed our community, once known as a hotbed of crime many decades ago, into a peaceful home,” he said.
“As low-income earners in a big city, we only need an affordable place to live,” said Mr Chao.
Hospital caters to ageing society needs
PUBLISHED : 17 Jul 2023 at 04:30
Siriraj Hospital will launch its first Geriatric Medicine Centre in Samut Sakhon to cater for the elderly, as the number of senior citizens is now rising by over one million people a year.
Apichat Asavamongkolkul, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, said Thailand has become an aged-society and soon will enter the status of super-aged society, where the ratio of citizens aged above 65 is over 20%. The WHO encourages such countries to provide geriatric care and promote self-care interventions for the health and well-being of senior citizens.
Dr Apichat said the healthcare system must mobilise towards the well-being of the elderly, not just the care of individuals. “By the end of this year, Siriraj Hospital will launch its geriatric care centre in Samut Sakhon, a model which will be adopted by the Public Health Ministry in regional cities,” said Dr Apichat.
Dr Prasert Assantachai, professor at the Preventive and Social Medicine department of Siriraj Hospital, said 2023 marks the first year in which the number of elderly is increasing more than one million a year. The trend of an increasing elderly population will continue for the next 20 years, he said.
He said most ailments found among old people are bone and muscle diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Another challenge for an aged society, he said, is the healthcare scheme could be overburdened by the healthcare costs for an increasing number of old people. He suggested the government adopt the idea of long-term care insurance which will subsidise the cost of healthcare among senior citizens.
Dr Visit Vamvanij, director of Siriraj Hospital, said Siriraj would launch more projects supporting healthy ageing. It has researched health screening, intermediate care in the community and a senior citizens’ universal health database.
PUBLISHED : 17 Jul 2023 at 04:30
The leaders of eight prospective coalition parties seeking to form the next government will meet to discuss their next move today, ahead of the second round of voting to select a prime minister on Wednesday, a source close to the matter said.
The meeting, which had originally been scheduled for tomorrow, will be held today instead, because some of the parties in the bloc are planning to hold their internal meetings tomorrow, the source said, adding the meeting venue has yet to be decided.
The source said if Move Forward Party (MFP) leader Pita Limjaroenrat is renominated for the second round of voting but fails to secure enough support to become the next prime minister, Pheu Thai may be allowed to lead the formation of the next government with the support of the other seven prospective coalition parties.
On Friday, Mr Pita said in a video clip on social media that he would step aside and allow Pheu Thai take the lead in forming a government if he fails to secure enough support in parliament to become prime minister in the second round of voting.
Asked to comment on claims that Srettha Thavisin, one of Pheu Thai’s three prime ministerial candidates, may be nominated for prime minister in the second round of voting, Pheu Thai secretary-general Phumtham Wechayachai said yesterday the party can nominate its candidate for the vote if the other seven coalition parties give it the green light.
Asked about the MFP’s plan to amend Section 272 of the constitution to remove the Senate’s power in co-electing a prime minister, Mr Phumtham said Pheu Thai and MFP have yet to reach an agreement on the matter.
The issue will be raised again at today’s meeting, Mr Phumtham said.
He went on to say that if the MFP insists on renominating Mr Pita, it must explain how it plans to gather enough support for him, particularly from the 250 senators, in the second round of voting. “There must be a clear answer before the July 19 vote,” he said.
Mr Pita failed to gather enough support in parliament to back his bid for premiership last Thursday.
Section 112 of the Criminal Code, also known as the lese majeste law, was cited as the main reason why many senators refused to back his nomination as the MFP has repeatedly insisted on amending the law.
SINGAPORE: The Singapore Police Force on Sunday (Jul 16) issued a warning over a fake SMS impersonating as its “anti-scam centre (ASC)”. “In this scam variant, members of the public would receive a scam SMS from ‘ASC’, requesting them to download and install an “anti-scam” app to ensure the security ofContinue Reading