India women’s reservation bill passed – but nothing will change soon

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A bill passed by the Indian parliament ensures that people will hold a third of seats in the lower house of parliament and state gatherings.

However, the nation will not soon have more women elected to its legislatures because it won’t go into effect until after India completes the next survey and a process to redesign the boundaries of districts; the drawn-out procedures are anticipated to take many years.

The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, which loosely translates from Hindi to Saluting Women Power Act, was approved by the Lok Sabha, or lower house of parliament, on Wednesday, with 454 of the 456 Members in attendance voting in favor.

The Rajya Sabha, or lower house, debated the expenses on Thursday and unanimously approved it.

The bill now needs the government’s signature, but researchers claim that is just a formality and that it is” tantalizingly nearby” to passing.

The government has referred to the bill’s passage, which has been in the works for more than 25 years, as” historic.” According to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, it will” improve women independence and allow greater participation of women in our social process.”

However, by keeping the timetable” vague,” opposition politicians have charged that the government” betrayed the expectations of millions of American women and girls.”

Sonia Gandhi, a former congresswoman, demanded that it be put into effect right away.” How long will they have to rush — two, four, or eight?”

What does the legislation state?

In the Lok Sabha, position assemblies, and also in the capital, Delhi, which is a legally administered country but has an elected assembly, the bill grants people one-third of all tickets.

The rules may also apply to the seating set aside for Scheduled Tribes and Castes, two of India’s most underprivileged groups. These two teams are given 131 votes in the 545-member Lok Sabha, adding up to thousands in state assemblies.

BJP activists celebrate the introduction of Women's reservation bill in Parliament at the party office in Patna on September 19, 2023

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When put into effect, the appointment will last for 15 years, but parliament may be able to extend it.

Which seating will be set aside for women according to a law passed by parliament, and they will then be rotated every few years.

India’s” dreadful” track history

India has a long record of influential women in politics, both historically and currently. As early as 1966, the nation had a female prime minister, and some of the largest political events are led by people.

Some of India’s largest state have been led by female captain ministers, and some people are in charge of important ministers at the federal and state levels. Additionally, the nation has had two adult presidents, including Droupadi Murmu at the moment.

Most Indians said last year in a Pew Research Center survey that” women and men make extremely good social leadership.” Additionally, statistics indicate that as many people cast ballots in the most recent public election as men.

However, statistics shows that the representation of women in the Indian parliament and its state legislature is still low. It has frequently been referred to as” dreadful.”

According to senior scientist Tushar Chakrabarty at non-profit PRS Legislative Research, there were only 5 % female MPs in the first Lok Sabha in 1952, and even though that number increased to 15 % in 2019, it is still quite small. The PRS data indicates that it is even worse in parliamentary meetings, at around 9 %.

” We have observed that there hasn’t been an organic increase in the figures.” And if there aren’t enough people in legislature, it will have an impact on their ability to influence policy-making, he claims.

Since India is a member to the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, which includes similar political right for them, he adds, it must also handle this gender mismatch.

27 years of development

For years, there has been a heated discussion about the need for more women to hold positions of social power in India.

The constitution was changed by the parliament exactly 30 years ago to give people 33 % seats on municipal corporations and town councils in urban areas.

The then-Congress group government first put forth a similar bill to reserve tickets in the legislature and state assemblies in 1996. In legislature, it was reintroduced in 1998, 1999, and once more in 2008.

It failed each time due to opposition from a variety of social events, including BJP MPs.

The Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP) and the opposition Congress have been claiming credit for the most recent bill, which Mr. Modi’s government tabled in parliament.

The discussion in the legislature

The prime minister received praise from the government seats in both homes for getting the bill approved by the legislature.

According to Home Minister Amit Shah, PM Modi’s state has been built on the values of similar membership, respect for women, and security.

He said the bill was a” great stop” and added that if necessary, it could be improved later, urging all parties to help it.

Congress leaders and supporters celebrates thanking Sonia Gandhi for constantly pursuing the Women's Reservation Bill in Delhi on September 19, 2023

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The opposition parties urged the government to conduct a caste survey during the upcoming census and demanded that some of the seats be set aside for women from Other Backward Classes( OBCs ) and Muslims, two groups that include underprivileged Castes and Scheduled Tribes. However, their needs were turned down.

In its current form, the expenses would only gain middle class people, according to MP Asaduddin Owaisi, one of the two Members who opposed it in the Lok Sabha.

When will there be a lot of female officials, then?

It is unlikely that the female makeup of India’s legislature and state meetings will change anytime soon.

After the general elections the following year, Mr. Shah has promised that the survey, which was expected in 2021 but was postponed due to the pandemic, will be completed” immediately.” The enormous process of counting 1.4 billion people, according to experts, was simply take a few years.

The government would then begin” delimitation ,” or, to put it another way, the exercise of redrawing constituency boundaries is to make sure that each represents an equal number of voters. Some chairs have many more voters than others as a result of asymmetrical population growth in various regions of the nation, and the demarcation exercise would address that.

However, it’s a drawn-out approach that might take years to finish; as one observer noted, the last one took five years for its ultimate report.